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21.
An observer-based robust adaptive nonlinear position and speed tracking controller is developed for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with initial rotor angle uncertainty. The unknown initial rotor position is treated as a constant motor parameter in the development of the controller. An incremental encoder, which provides relative position variation of the rotor, is used along with stator current signals to achieve stable control. However, the controller does not require the knowledge of motor parameters and it only assumes friction, external disturbances, and model uncertainties are bounded. By using state observers, the measurement of acceleration and load torque, which is required usually in the nonlinear controller design with high tracking performance, is avoided. The stability of the control system and tracking convergence are guaranteed using Lyapunov theory. Finally, the stability and efficacy of the proposed drive system are verified by experimental results. 相似文献
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The public information signs ( The term public information signs will be abbreviated to public signs in the following text.)in the urban areas not only offer convenience for people to move around, but also reflect the level of development and progress of those areas. It is essential to the creative development and uplifting of the New Costal Area (thereafter, NCA) to have a good understanding of its present situation with regard to its public signs, to discuss the related issues in the development, to work out a system that is up to international standard and develop its own standards in the course of implementing the national strategies on standardizing public signs. 相似文献
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P. R. Cetlin S. Yue J. J. Jonas T. M. Maccagno 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1993,24(7):1543-1553
Most laboratory simulations of hot rolling involve a scaling down of the strain rate from the much higher industrial levels.
This leads to slower softening between each rolling pass, for which corrections must be made. In the present work, torsion
testing simulations of “warm” rod rolling were conducted on a Ti-Nb interstitial-free (IF) steel at 840 °C and 770 °C(i.e., in the ferrite range). For this purpose, “strain rate corrected” interpass times were used, in addition to the more familiar
corrections for the stress. The results are compared with those obtained from simulations using uncorrected industrial interpass
times. At 840 °C, simulations using corrected interpass times led to high levels of softening between the stages of rolling,
thus triggering the reinitiation of cycles of dynamic recrystallization. The initially high stress level at the start of these
cycles was responsible for the large differences in the pass-to-pass mean flow stress behavior, compared with that observed
when using uncorrected industrial interpass times, or continuous deformations. The differences were much less pronounced at
770 °C, where the rate of softening is much slower than at 840 °C. Predictions for softening based on the Avrami equation
underestimated the softening observed using the continuous and uncorrected industrial interpass time schedules and overestimated
it for the corrected ones. The former is due to the occurrence of recovery, which is not addressed by the Avrami relation,
while the latter is due to the precipitation that takes place during the corrected (longer) interpass times. It was also found
that simulations using continuous deformations are applicable only if the interpass softening that would be expected using
the corrected interpass times does not exceed about 20 pct. 相似文献
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29.
Real-time homogenous translucent material editing 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper presents a novel method for real-time homogenous translucent material editing under fixed illumination. We consider the complete analytic BSSRDF model proposed by Jensen et al. [ [JMLH01] ], including both multiple scattering and single scattering. Our method allows the user to adjust the analytic parameters of BSSRDF and provides high-quality, real-time rendering feedback. Inspired by recently developed Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) techniques, we approximate both the multiple scattering diffuse reflectance function and the single scattering exponential attenuation function in the analytic model using basis functions, so that re-computing the outgoing radiance at each vertex as parameters change reduces to simple dot products. In addition, using a non-uniform piecewise polynomial basis, we are able to achieve smaller approximation error than using bases adopted in previous PRT-based works, such as spherical harmonics and wavelets. Using hardware acceleration, we demonstrate that our system generates images comparable to [ [JMLH01] ]at real-time frame-rates. 相似文献
30.
真空阴极弧离子镀类金刚石碳(DLC)膜的碳弧稳定性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用氩气、氩气加氢气、氩气加乙炔等气体作为介质,石墨作为靶材进行真空阴极弧离子镀来制备类金刚石碳膜。石墨电弧有其独特的电弧特性曲线,不同气体介质对碳弧特性的影响不同,磁场的大小对电弧的稳定性有很大作用,碳弧下基片偏流随电弧电压的增加而减小,试验得到表面光滑的类金刚石碳(DLC)膜,对膜的表面进行了SEM分析。 相似文献