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101.
Praphan?Pinsirodom Yomi?Watanabe Toshihiro?Nagao Akio?Sugihara Takashi?Kobayashi Yuji?ShimadaEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(6):543-547
Production of MAG by a lipase-catalyzed reaction is known to be effective at low temperature. This phenomenon can be explained
by assuming that synthesized MAG are excluded from the reaction system because MAG, which have low m.p., are solidified at
low temperatures. Consequently, MAG are efficiently accumulated and do not serve as the precursor of DAG. If this hypothesis
is correct, the critical temperature for MAG production, defined as the highest temperature at which DAG synthesis is repressed,
should depend on the m.p. of the MAG. Esterification of FFA with glycerol using Candida rugosa, Rhizopus oryzae, and Penicillium camembertii lipases produced MAG efficiently at low temperatures. However, Candida lipase showed very low esterification activity at high temperatures (>20°C), and Rhizopus lipase produced not only MAG but also DAG even at low temperatures. Meanwhile, P. camembertii lipase catalyzed synthesis of MAG only from FFA and glycerol at low temperatures, although the enzyme catalyzed synthesis
of DAG from MAG in addition to synthesis of MAG at high temperatures. We thus studied the effect of temperature on esterification
of C10−C18 FFA with glycerol using Penicillium lipase as a catalyst and determined the critical temperatures for production of MAG. The critical temperature for production
of each MAG showed a linear correlation with m.p. of the MAG, which supported the hypothesis. In addition, because the m.p.
of MAG are estimated from that of the constituent FA, the optimal temperature for production of MAG can be predicted from
the m.p. of the FFA used as a substrate. 相似文献
102.
The pre-treatment of a silica-supported gallium oxide catalyst with H2 at 823 K increased the yield of aromatics and the selectivity to aromatics in the dehydrogenation of propane over the catalyst at 823 K. Gallium oxide in the catalyst was partially reduced with H2 at 823 K. NH3 desorption and DRIFTS studies on the gallium oxide catalyst suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane over a silica-supported gallium oxide catalyst would proceed in the following way: (1) the dehydrogenation of propane to produce propene would occur on Ga sites including Gaδ+–H sites and (2) the aromatization of propene to aromatics on Ga–O–H acid sites. 相似文献
103.
Tetsuto Kanzaki Yo Ishikawa Nobuhiro Morisaki Kohji Shirai Yasushi Saito Sho Yoshida 《Lipids》1987,22(10):704-710
Studies were done on changes in phospholipid content and fatty acid composition of phospholipids and on the role of the acylation
pathway in synthesis of phospholipids in the development of abnormal fatty acid composition in the glomeruli of rats 2 and
10 mo after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. The proportions of individual phospholipids in the glomeruli of rats
were not changed 2 mo after induction of diabetes, but the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) decreased and that
of sphingomyelin increased 10 mo after induction of diabetes. In contrast, in liver the proportion of PE was increased and
that of phosphatidylcholine was decreased. These results showed that changes of individual phospholipids in glomeruli were
time-dependent and tissue-specific. Two mo after induction of diabetes, the main change in the phospholipid fatty acid composition
of diabetic glomeruli was a decrease in arachidonic acid (AA); the main change in serum free fatty acids (FFA) was an increase
in linoleic acid (LA) and a decrease in AA. Ten mo after induction of diabetes, the main changes in the phospholipid fatty
acid composition of glomeruli were an increase in LA and a decrease in AA; the main change of the serum FFA composition was
a decrease in AA. Thus, the fatty acid composition of glomerular phospholipids was not directly correlated to that of the
serum in diabetic rats. Acyl-CoA synthetase and acyltransferase activities increased in diabetic glomeruli with either AA
or LA as substrate, but activity toward LA increased more at 2 mo after induction of diabetes. Acyl-CoA synthetase activity
increased in diabetic glomeruli with LA as substrate, but that did not change with AA as substrate at 10 mo after induction
of diabetes. Furthermore, acyltransferase activity decreased in diabetic glomeruli with AA as substrate, although that did
not change with LA as substrate at 10 mo after induction of diabetes. 相似文献
104.
The Spiro compound N3P3(OCH2CF3)4(NH)2Si(CH3)2 formed by reaction of 1,1-diamino-3,3,5,5-tetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene N3P3(OCH2CF3)4(NH2)2 and dimethyldichlorosilane Cl2Si(CH3)2 is a yellow or orange coloured oil soluble in organic solvents, vapourized at 160°C without decomposition, and not hydrolysed appreciably in boiling water. Linear compounds are formed by reaction of N3P3(OCH2CF3)4(NH2)2 with diphenyldichlorosilane or phenyltrichlorosilane owing to hindrance of the phenyl radical. These compounds are amorphous or tacky solids, soluble in organic solvents and stable to water. 相似文献
105.
X.D. Yang T. Saito Y. Nakamura Y. Kondo N. Ohtake 《Diamond and Related Materials》2004,13(11-12):1984
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are metastable amorphous carbon materials with superior tribological characteristics. In order to improve wear resistance of micro-extrusion dies with numerous imperceptible holes, DLC films were deposited on the inner wall surface of model dies with holes of 2 and 0.9 mm in diameter, and 20 mm in depth by using pulse plasma CVD method. This paper will discuss how argon gas, deposition pressure and time affect the characteristics of films deposited on the inner wall surface of dies. This micro-coating method can be applied widely for inner wall surface treatment of components with thin holes. 相似文献
106.
The heterogeneous phase transition of the organic vapours, cyclohexane and p-xylene, on a cold substrate was observed by cooling the substrate at a slow rate under reduced pressure conditions. Either organic vapour at a vapour pressure lower than 130 Pa formed directly solid crystals but p-xylene vapour at a higher vapour pressure formed liquid condensates with subsequent formation of solid crystals. The dependence of the critical supersaturation ratios on the critical temperatures and the physical properties of the organic vapours has been clarified by the equation derived on the basis of classical nucleation theory. 相似文献
107.
The diffusion of a reactive disperse dye with a vinylsulfonyl group accompanied by simultaneous reaction with the amino end groups in nylon 6 was examined by the method of cylindrical film roll at 70°C and pH 2.2–8.0. The experimental diffusion profiles of the active and fixed species of the dye in nylon 6 were confirmed to be described by the diffusion equation accompanied by the chemical reaction with substrate taking the limited amount of the end groups into account, where the active species of dye were assumed to react only with the free base of amino end groups. The completion of the reaction with the amino end groups was observed in the first layer from the surface at pH 6.0–8.0. The value of diffusion coefficient was constant (8.0 × 10?10 cm2/s) at all the pH's. The product of the second-order rate constant, k2, of reaction of the dye and the dissociation constant, Ka, of the amino end groups was constant (k2Ka = 4.0 × 10?9 s?1) at pH 2.2–8.0. The k2 values of the reaction with various substrates for vinylsulfonyl and monochlorotriazinyl-reactive dyes were compared and the practical dyeing conditions were discussed. 相似文献
108.
Toshihiro Nagao Yuji Shimada Yoshie Yamauchi-Sato Takaya Yamamoto Masaaki Kasai Kentaro Tsutsumi Akio Sugihara Yoshio Tominaga 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(3):303-308
A commercial product of CLA contains almost equal amounts of cis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11)-CLA and trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12)-CLA. We attempted to enrich the two isomers by a two-step selective esterification using Candida rugosa lipase that acted on c9,t11-CLA more strongly than on t10,c12-CLA. An FFA mixture containing CLA isomers was esterified with an equimolar amount of lauryl alcohol in a mixture of 20%
water and the lipase. When the esterification of total FA reached 50%, two isomers were fractionated in a good yield: t10,c12-CLA was enriched in FFA, and c9,t11-CLA was recovered in lauryl esters. The FFA were esterified again to enrich t10,c12-CLA. At 27.3% esterification of total FA, the t10,c12-CLA content in FFA increased to 64.8 wt% with 89.3% recovery: The ratio of the content of t10,c12-CLA to that of two isomers was 95.9%. Lauryl esters obtained by the single esterification were employed for enrichment
of c9,t11-CLA. After the esters were hydrolyzed, the resulting FFA were esterified again with lauryl alcohol. At 62.0% esterification
of total FA, the c9,t11-CLA content in lauryl esters increased to 73.3 wt% with 79.4% recovery: The ratio of the content of c9,t11-CLA to that of two isomers was 95.6%. In a 600-g-scale purification, molecular distillation was effective in separating
the reaction mixture into lauryl alcohol, FFA, and lauryl ester fractions. 相似文献
109.
Riho Kataishi Takayuki Ikeda Toshiki Sasaki Kouhei Toyotaka Daiki Nakamura Hiroyuki Miyake Yuji Iwaki Kazunori Watanabe Yuichi Yanagisawa Hisao Ikeda Harue Nakashima Nobuharu Ohsawa Shingo Eguchi Satoshi Seo Yoshiharu Hirakata Shunpei Yamazaki Daisuke Kurosaki Masakatsu Ohno Chris Bower Darryl Cotton Andrew Matthews Piers Andrew Catalin Gheorghiu Johan Bergquist 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2014,22(8):381-392
In this study, white organic electroluminescent devices with microcavity structures were developed. A flexible high‐resolution active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode display with low power consumption using red, green, blue, and white sub‐pixels formed by a color‐filter method was fabricated. In addition, a side‐roll touch display was developed in combination with a capacitive flexible touch screen. 相似文献
110.
Yuji Tatemoto Masaya Tsunekawa Shuji Yano Takenari Takeshita Katsuji Noda 《Chemical engineering science》2007,62(8):2187-2197
A relatively large wet material was immersed in a fluidized bed of hygroscopic porous particle (silica gel beads) under reduced pressure. And then the drying characteristics were compared with those in the case of inert particle (glass beads). The comparison of drying characteristics is performed experimentally and theoretically. In calculation, the water transfer from the sample to the fluidized bed was considered. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The effects of the operational conditions (the pressure in the drying chamber and the temperature of the drying gas) on the drying characteristics were also examined in both fluidizing particles.The drying finishes earlier in the case of hygroscopic porous particle than in the case of inert particle regardless of pressure in the drying chamber, since the water transfer from the sample facilitates the drying in the case of hygroscopic porous particles. The temperature decrement in drying appears in the case of inert particle. This phenomenon is also observed in the case of hygroscopic porous particle, but the decrement degree of the temperature is much smaller than that in the case of inert particle. The difference of the minimum temperature in the sample in drying between the cases of hygroscopic porous particle and inert particle is very slight for different pressures in the drying chamber. 相似文献