In this paper, fundamental limits on time delay estimation are studied for cognitive radio systems, which facilitate opportunistic use of spectral resources. First, a generic Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) expression is obtained in the case of unknown channel coefficients and carrier-frequency offsets (CFOs) for cognitive radio systems with dispersed spectrum utilization. Then, various modulation schemes are considered, and the effects of unknown channel coefficients and CFOs on the accuracy of time delay estimation are quantified. Finally, numerical studies are performed in order to verify the theoretical analysis. 相似文献
Supported nickel oxide based catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation method for the in-situ reactions of H2S desulfurization and CO2 methanation from ambient temperature up to 300 °C. Fe/Co/Ni (10:30:60)–Al2O3 and Pr/Co/Ni (5:35:60)–Al2O3 catalysts were revealed as the most potential catalysts, which yielded 2.9% and 6.1% of CH4 at reaction temperature of 300 °C, respectively. From XPS, Ni2O3 and Fe3O4 were suggested as the surface active components on the Fe/Co/Ni (10:30:60)–Al2O3 catalyst, while Ni2O3 and Co3O4 on the Pr/Co/Ni (5:35:60)–Al2O3 catalyst. 相似文献
A new pseudoreceptor modeling method (PRPS) was applied to the refinement of a homology model of the human histamine H4 receptor (H4R), the prediction of a ligand binding site, and virtual screening. Retrieval of two new H4R ligands demonstrates the biological relevance of the pseudoreceptor model and provides a means for finding new hits and leads in the early phases of drug discovery.
This article presents a mathematical model and a computational algorithm for the time domain solution of boring process dynamics. The model is developed in a modular form; it includes a workpiece geometry and surface topography module, a kinamatics and tool position module, a dynamic chip load module, a dynamic cutting force prediction module and a structural dynamics module. The time domain model takes cutting process parameters, tool and workpiece geometries and modal parameters of the structure as inputs. It predicts instantanous cutting forces and vibrations along the machining time, and machined workpiece topography as outputs. Some of the simulated and experimental results for various cutting conditions are presented and compared for validation purposes. 相似文献
Imaging of myocardial infarct composition is essential to assess efficacy of emerging therapeutics. T2* mapping has the potential to image myocardial hemorrhage and fibrosis by virtue of its short T2*. We aimed to quantify T2* in acute and chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.
Materials and methods
I/R-injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n?=?9). Sham-operated mice (n?=?8) served as controls. MRI was performed at baseline, and 1, 7 and 28?days after surgery. MRI at 9.4?T consisted of Cine, T2* mapping and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE). Mice (n?=?6) were histologically assessed for hemorrhage and collagen in the fibrotic scar.
Results
Baseline T2* values were 17.1?±?2.0?ms. At day 1, LGE displayed a homogeneous infarct enhancement. T2* in infarct (12.0?±?1.1?ms) and remote myocardium (13.9?±?0.8?ms) was lower than at baseline. On days 7 and 28, LGE was heterogeneous. T2* in the infarct decreased to 7.9?±?0.7 and 6.4?±?0.7?ms, whereas T2* values in the remote myocardium were 14.2?±?1.1 and 15.6?±?1.0?ms. Histology revealed deposition of iron and collagen in parallel with decreased T2*.
Conclusion
T2* values are dynamic during infarct development and decrease significantly during scar maturation. In the acute phase, T2* values in infarcted myocardium differ significantly from those in the chronic phase. T2* mapping was able to confirm the presence of a chronic infarction in cases where LGE was inconclusive. Hence, T2* may be used to discriminate between acute and chronic infarctions. 相似文献
Medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MC) were used to fabricate a composite membrane for application in a double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC). MC was composited into PHA at 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w via ultrasound dispersion blending method. PHA-MC composite was compared with Nafion 117 as proton exchange membrane in MFC operated with palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater. The composite exhibited prerequisite separator membrane characteristics. The dispersion of MC in the polymer matrix increased its interfacial surface area and water uptake properties. PHA-MC10% membrane in MFC showed maximum power density of 361?mW/m2, which was comparable with Nafion 117 (372?mW/m2). Internal resistance decrease, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, coulombic efficiency (CE), and conductivity of the PHA-MC10% were superior to Nafion 117. The environmental-friendly material could provide an alternative towards realizing practical MFC application. 相似文献