Method of monitoring the shape of an atomic force (tunneling) microscope tip using backscattering spectrometry

A method is proposed to monitor the shape of an atomic force microscope tip, which can combine the operations of ion etching and shape monitoring, by using the intensity of the backscattering of ions from the same or a different beam to monitor the shape. Relationships have been obtained to monitor the shape of the probe using the measured dependence of the backscattering intensity on the parameters of the incident beam. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 88–92 (June 12, 1997)     

One-dimensional inverse thermoelasticity problems

The unique solvability of two one-dimensional inverse problems on determining the coefficients of thermoelasticity equations is established; the solution algorithm for these problems is indicated and numerical calculations are given.State Pedagogical Institute, Gynadzha. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 98–104, July, 1993.     

Algebraic systems with locally varying matrices for control in electrical energetics: A solution method

Deterministic relations are used to design a method and an algorithm for solving algebraic systems of equations with locally varying coefficient matrices encountered in operational control problems in electrical energetics.     

The behavior of a cloud of emissions of high moisture content in the surface layer of the atmosphere

The propagation in the atmosphere of instantaneous emissions which largely consist of water vapor is treated in a three-dimensional formulation. The regularities are studied of the evolution of the hydrodynamic, concentration, and temperature fields depending on the parameters which define the state of the atmosphere (temperature and humidity), as well as on the temperature and moisture content of the cloud of emissions.     

Simulation of the slug flow of a gas-liquid system in capillaries

A mathematical model for the gas-liquid slug flow in a capillary is developed. The velocity profiles in the bubble, film, and interbubble liquid are calculated. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data of other researchers. The experimentally found bifurcational behavior of the slip velocity of bubbles relative to the two-phase mixture reported in the literature is described and supported by the theory. The reasons for which the bubble can stop in a small-diameter dead-end capillary are discussed.     

Cadmium telluride thin-film detectors of nuclear radiation

Semiconductor detectors for X-ray and γ radiation are developed based on thin cadmium telluride (p-n-CdTe) films possessing a columnar structure. The detector structures are formed on molybdenum substrates by CdTe sublimation and magnetron sputtering of cadmium. The p-CdTe films have a thickness of d=30–150 μm and a resistivity of ρ≥10³–10⁷ Ω cm. The single crystal grains in the films have an average size of 50–100 μm and are oriented perpendicularly with respect to the Mo substrate. In comparison to the usual single crystal CdTe detectors, the proposed thin-film single crystal CdTe detectors possess a more perfect structure, since the grain boundaries act as effective sinks for defects. The energy resolution of the new generation of CdTe detectors reaches ∼5 keV for the 59.6 keV line of ²⁴¹Am at room temperature.     

Synthesis of a Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy high-temperature superconducting phase with T c ° above 100 K

A high-temperature superconductor with the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_y structure and a superconducting transition temperature _{T c} ^° =102–107 K has been synthesized. The synthesis conditions are described and results of a phase analysis, and of resistive and inductive measurements are reported. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 17–22 (June 12, 1997)