Design criterion for low-loss optical coupler tapers

A criterion for the local taper angle of a low-loss single-mode fibre coupler is established by considering the dominant mode coupling in the coupler taper. Effects due to structure parameters, such as cladding/core thickness ratio, corecladding index difference and core separation, are investigated. It is found that the criterion for the coupler taper can be well approximated by that for the single-mode fibre taper with the same structure parameters.     

PVD涂层工艺在M3滚刀上的应用

对M3滚刀进行了物理气相沉积 (PVD)工艺试验。经高温耐磨试验和切削试验证明 ,M3滚刀经TiN涂层后 ,其耐磨性和使用寿命显著提高。     

新库区储罐及地下钢结构阴极保护的应用及系统运行状况

新库区位于海滩上的回填土区 ,土壤pH值 5～ 6 ,地电阻≤ 2 5Ω·m ,土样含水量 12 %～ 2 4 % ,形成电导率高、透气性好和弱酸性的潮湿土壤 ,具有强的腐蚀性。此外 ,该区的土壤随着时间的推移 ,原海滩的盐碱通过扩散及毛细作用 ,使土壤的腐蚀性随含盐量增加而增强 ;因此 ,对新库区地下钢结构实施电化学阴极保护是很有必要的     

环形截面大偏心受压构件截面延性系数计算

延性是混凝土构件的一项重要特性 ,延性系数是构件延性的度量 ,由于沿周边均匀配筋环形截面偏心受压构件受力计算的特殊性 ,至今没有一个较精确的计算公式。本文根据沿周边均匀配筋环形截面偏心受压构件的工作特点 ,采用常用应力应变关系和基本假设 ,提出了其延性系数的计算方法。     

胜利原油350～510℃馏分糠醛精制的研究

对胜利原油 350～ 510℃馏分每 4 0℃切割一种馏分进行糠醛精制 ,考察了实验室条件下不同温度、不同醛油比条件下精制对提余油质量和收率的影响。采用醛油比 3× 1∶1,抽提温度在 70～ 95℃ ,可使精制馏分油粘度指数提高 10～ 2 7个单位 ,精制油收率高于 70 %。     

直接氯化法合成对硝基氯化苄

介绍了以对硝基甲苯和氯气为原料 ,在催化剂存在下合成对硝基氯化苄的方法 ,考察了催化剂种类、反应温度、溶剂配比等因素对反应的影响 ,优化的反应条件为 :对硝基甲苯用量 1 3 7g,对硝基甲苯 /邻二氯苯 (摩尔比 ) =1∶ 0 .6,w (偶氮二异丁腈 ) =0 .6% ,反应时间 3 h,反应温度 1 60℃ ,产物单程收率大于 65 % ;将反应混合物中未反应的原料分离后 ,以无水乙醇为溶剂结晶纯化 ,物料 /溶剂 (摩尔比 ) =1∶ 1 .5时晶体含量在 99.0 %以上 ,结晶收率达 67     

深穿透复合射孔技术在中原油田的应用

深穿透复合射孔是一项把射孔与高能气体压裂两种技术有机地结合在一起的综合改造油气层的新技术。重点对它的技术原理，包括设计原理、枪身内火药燃烧气体对射孔孔眼的冲刷作用原理、火药燃烧气体射流的高能气体压裂作用原理等进行了研究与探讨，同时对它的施工工艺、现场应用等方面进行了阐述，经中原油田189口井现场应用证明，其工艺简便，成本低廉，可实现多层跨隔层使用，处理后增产效果显著，投入产出比高，可代替传统的聚能射孔技术，具有广阔的推广和应用价值。     

A robust adaptive pole‐placement controller without strictly positive real condition

This paper considers the adaptive pole‐placement control problem for system (1) with unmodelled dynamics η_n dominated by a small constant ε multiplied by a quantity independent of ε but tending to infinity as the past input, output, and noise grow. Using bounded external excitation and randomly varying truncation techniques, we give a design method of adaptive pole‐placement controller. It is shown that the closed‐loop system is globally stable, the estimation error for the parameter contained in the modelled part is of order ε, and the closed‐loop system under the adaptive pole‐placement control law is suboptimal in the sense of $$\mathop{\lim\sup}\limits_{{n\to\infty }}{1\over n}\mathop{\sum}\limits_{i=0}^n{\left({A^{*}(z)y_{n}‐L(z)C(z)w_{n}‐B(z)R(z)y_{n}^{*}}\right)^{2}{\leq}O({\varepsilon}^{2})+\gamma^{2}\mathop{\sum}\limits_{j=1}^q{b_{j}^{2}}}$$\nopagenumbers\end while the SPR condition used usually in other papers is replaced by a stability condition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The availability of daylight from tropical skies—a case study of Malaysia

In Malaysia, no long-term daylight data are measured. It was only recently that the need to measure the availability of daylight became urgent when the importance of daylighting in buildings was rediscovered. The hourly daylight availability has been simulated for the Malaysian sky using daylight modelling techniques based on empirical and measured solar irradiation and cloud cover data. This paper presents the techniques involved in producing exterior illuminance data. These data were then compared with measured illuminance at Shah Alam and Bangi, Malaysia. The global illuminance levels are generally high, with values exceeding 80,000 lux at noon during the months when solar irradiation is highest. Even during the months when the ground receives less solar irradiation, the peak illuminance can reach 60,000 lux. Applications and uses of such data are in daylighting design, both for visual and thermal comfort, task illuminance and energy-conscious design of buildings. Recommendations are made at the end of the paper on the various climatic data that are required to be measured for overall daylighting design applications.