带二次流增推尾喷管的脉冲爆震发动机数值模拟研究

为提升现有脉冲爆震发动机增推喷管性能,对带二次流尾喷管发动机分别在定常流和爆震多循环过程进行了数值模拟,研究了二次流尾喷管的流场并计算了其推进性能。结果表明,定常流动中,随着主流压力的升高,注入二次流对尾喷管推进性能的提升幅度逐渐降低;当爆震室内压力很高时,二次流的瞬时流量会自动降低或者停止注入,当爆震室压力较低时,二次流流量又会自动恢复;单管注入二次流对PDE平均推力和平均单位推力的提升率分别达到2.63%和0.36%;双管注入二次流达到5.96%和0.75%。     

Comparisons of Fly Ash and Deposition Between Air and Oxy-FuelCombustion in Bench-Scale Fluidized Bed with Limestone Addition

In Oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed, the residual CaO particles may react with high concentration of CO₂ in flue gas to form bonded deposit on heat transfer surfaces in backpass when limestone is used as a sorbent to capture SO₂.In this paper, experiments were designed on ash deposition in a bench-scale fluidized bed under oxy-fuel and air atmosphere. A novel ash deposit sampling probe was used to simulate the tubes of tail surfaces. The chemical composition of fly ash and ash deposit from both air-firing and oxy-fuel firing cases were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), respectively. The degrees of carbonation reaction of ash deposits were measured by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. The results showed that there are distinct differences in fly ash deposition rate between oxy-fuel and air firing cases, and oxy-fuel combustion with limestone addition can affect chemical composition of fly ash and ash deposit, especially for elements of Ca, Na, K, and S. However, the carbonation reaction degree of ash deposits is found weak, which is due to the relatively low CaO content in ash deposit or not long enough of the sampling time.[JP]     

频率响应法研究噻吩在CeY分子筛上的吸附行为

以NaY、液相Ce离子交换改性的Y型分子筛(L-CeY)为研究对象,运用N2吸附、XRD、NH3-TPD和Py-FTIR等实验方法表征两种Y型分子筛的物化性能。采用频率响应技术(FR)和智能重量分析仪(IGA)研究噻吩在两种分子筛上的吸附行为,并考察噻吩在稀土离子改性Y型分子筛上的不同吸附作用模式。结果表明,频率响应技术能够有效识别分子筛孔道内发生的不同传质过程。噻吩在NaY分子筛上的吸附行为较为简单,存在孔道吸附和π电子相互作用两种吸附过程;而在L-CeY分子筛上吸附行为较为复杂,同时存在孔道吸附和"S-M"吸附等多种吸附过程,另外,在高温条件下,还存在复杂的催化反应过程。     

不同抗剪模型下高强混凝土剪力墙数值模拟分析

基于修正斜压场理论和扰动应力场模型分别对不同剪跨比的高强混凝土剪力墙拟静力试验进行数值模拟,得到相应的滞回曲线和骨架曲线。与试验数据对比,结果表明：较之于修正斜压场理论模型,基于扰动应力场模型计算的PΔ滞回曲线与试验PΔ滞回曲线吻合更好,得到的破坏形态及裂缝分布图与试验基本相同。充分说明了基于扰动应力场模型的有限元数值模型能够较好地模拟循环荷载作用下的高强混凝土剪力墙构件的滞回特性。     

隔振支座对大跨度网壳的振动控制分析

本文通过建立了橡胶隔振支座与设置隔振支座的网壳结构的力学模型,研究了隔震支座控制下,大跨度空间单层柱面网壳结构在地震作用下振动响应,结果表明:隔震支座对结构的振动可以起到良好的控制作用,但地震强度对隔震支座耗能能力影响较大,在最大水平行程内,地震强度越大,耗能能力越强;在不同地震波作用下,隔振网壳结构体系的振动控制效果有所不同,其中:EL Centro波作用的结构被动控制效果最佳。     

硫化锌量子点的水热-均相沉淀法制备与表征

为制备高品质、性质稳定的硫化锌量子点,采用硫代乙酰胺在水热条件下的均相沉淀法制备了硫化锌量子点,并采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪分别表征了所制得量子点的物相、颗粒尺寸和发光性质,考察了反应时间对量子点物相、颗粒尺寸和发光性质的影响.结果表明,在80℃水浴条件下,可以获得颗粒尺寸在20 nm以下,面心立方结构的硫化锌量子点.发光性能测试表明:制备的硫化锌量子点可被330 nm紫外光有效激发,产生位于430 nm附近的蓝光发射;随着反应时间的延长,量子点颗粒尺寸增大、发光性质减弱.     

基于贝叶斯框架的显著目标检测

图像和视频显著性检测在计算机视觉领域引起了极大的关注,广泛应用于物体分割、可疑物检测、图像检索等领域,在贝叶斯框架下,将人类视觉注意力理论中Bottom-Up模式被动感知与Top-Down模式主动检测按照时间先后顺序结合在一起,并结合像素的"Center-Surround"模型和核密度估计,提出一种能由粗到精逐步感知和获取视场中视觉显著性目标位置及尺度的实时显著目标检测算法,称其为基于贝叶斯框架的显著目标检测.通过在微软MSRA数据集上进行ROC和Precision-Recall测试,证明该算法取得比目前经典算法更好的效果.     

无水石膏AⅢ对β半水石膏性能的影响及作用机理

以磷石膏为原料生产β半水石膏粉,研究了可溶性无水AⅢ对半水石膏粉的影响,采用常规分析方法、TG-DSC、XRD和扫描电镜等方法对磷石膏原料,β半水石膏粉和石膏产品进行分析和表征。差热分析结果表明：磷石膏低温脱水出现两个DSC吸热峰,峰值仅相差6 ℃并存在重叠现象,说明脱水反应分两步进行,发生了不同反应,熟石膏粉中存在不同相混合物。半水石膏粉煅烧最佳工艺：焙烧温度在170±5 ℃内,焙烧时间2 h,熟石膏新粉结晶水含量约3.0%,通过陈化,控制结晶水含量4.8%~5.2%,有利于提高熟石膏粉质量。半水石膏水化热效应结果表明：AⅢ活性高,水化速度快,导致添加减水剂时几乎未见减水增强效果,说明AⅢ影响熟石膏粉质量。陈化粉添加减水剂能提高石膏制品强度,聚羧酸系HC掺量0.7%时,绝干强度达到15.0 MPa,强度提高近64.84%; 奈系FDN掺量0.7%时,绝干强度达到14.8 MPa,强度提高近62.64%;木质素减水剂掺量0.7%时,绝干强度达到13.9 MPa,强度提高近52.75%。     

砂土地基上圆形浅基础三维破坏包络面的理论研究

对砂土地基上圆形浅基础在竖向荷载V 、水平荷载 H 及力矩 M 复合加载条件下的承载力进行了系统的三维有限元分析。在分析中,砂土假定为纯摩擦材料,遵循基于 Mohr-Coulomb 破坏准则的理想弹塑性本构关系。首先,对圆形浅基础的竖向承载力进行了有限元计算,并与滑移线解法进行了对比,两种方法所得结果比较吻合。进而探讨了砂土内摩擦角对于基础在 V-H 、V-M荷载平面与V-H-M 三维荷载空间内的破坏包络轨迹的影响。计算结果表明,与不排水情况下软黏土地基上基础破坏包络面相比,砂土地基上圆形浅基础的破坏包络面形状有较大差异,但V-H 和V-M 平面内的破坏包络面形状仍具有较好的归一化特性。基于有限元计算结果,建立了圆形浅基础在V-H-M 三维荷载空间内的破坏包络面方程,该方程可用来合理评价复合加载条件下砂土地基上圆形浅基础的整体稳定性。     

Effect of rubber particles on cement stabilized gravel system

The primary objective of this paper was to study the mechanical properties and durability of the cement stabilized gravel by different compact method. The influence of rubber particle content on mechanical properties of samples was studied by compaction tests and freezing thawing recycle tests. Pore structure and fractal characteristic of mixture were analyzed quantitatively using mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was adopted to identify the composition phases. The morphology analysis in micro scale and elemental analysis of samples were carried out by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The optimum compressive strengths of rubber cement stabilized gravel （RCSG） with static compaction method and with vibratory compaction method were obtained by controlling compaction degree and vibration time, respectively. From the compaction tests, the vibratory compaction method is preferred compared with the static compaction method as better compressive strength can be improved by about 340%-360%. Besides, test results also reveal that compressive strength of samples with vibratory compaction method or static compaction method will decrease with the rubber particle bulk content increasing. The freezing thawing recycle tests indicate that freezing thawing resistance has been improved （frozen stability coefficient K has been increased from 0.89 to 0.97） by the addition of rubber particles. MIP tests show that the mean pore diameter and porosity of mixture have been increased from 70 to 250 nm and 9% to 24% respectively, with the rubber particles content increasing. Component analysis shows that the calcium silicate hydrate （CSH） is the predominant hydrate product with or without the addition of rubber particles.