有源钳位三电平变频器改进SVPWM策略

中点钳位(NPC)三电平变频器存在功率器件损耗不平衡问题,部分器件发热严重,限制了变频器容量和开关频率的提升,有源中点钳位(ANPC)三电平变频器通过不同的零电压输出状态可以平衡功率器件的损耗。通过选取不同的冗余零状态,提出一种适用于ANPC三电平变频器、可以平衡功率器件损耗的改进空间矢量调制(SVPWM)算法。对所提SVPWM算法和传统正弦矢量脉宽调制(SPWM)算法进行仿真对比,分析功率器件损耗分布情况,结果表明所提方法可以平衡功率器件的损耗,提高变频器的容量和开关频率。另外,和SPWM算法相比,采用SVPWM算法输出电压可以提高15%,电流谐波畸变率会有所降低,最后通过实验验证了所提算法的正确性。     

Induced fabric anisotropy of granular materials in biaxial tests along imposed strain paths

In granular materials, loading on an initially isotopic assembly usually induces particle rearrangement, and this is referred to as the induced anisotropy of fabric. A series of biaxial tests are conducted along various strain paths using DEM to investigate the evolution of the induced anisotropy. The evolution of both the overall contact network and the sub-networks (the strong and weak) are examined separately. Results of DEM simulations indicate that the evolution of the fabric deviator in the overall contact network can be described as a power function of the stress ratio prior to the peak stress ratio that depends on the imposed dilation rate. A unique fabric-stress relation is obtained for the strong sub-network, which is independent of the strain path, the initial porosity and the confining pressure. Moreover, deformation instability is observed only along dilatant strain paths, which can be related to the degradation or even collapse of a weak sub-network, even though the strong sub-network dominates the strength of the granular assembly.     

低能量沥青温拌技术的应用与实践

低能量沥青温拌技术作为沥青混合料泡沫温拌技术的一种,其生产、施工过程中不需要添加任何温拌剂,因没有温拌剂生产过程的能耗与排放,系统能耗更低,并且在节约成本方面具有明显优势,这使得低能量沥青温拌技术迅猛发展,成为当前世界各国最感兴趣的温拌技术之一。笔者通过其与热拌沥青混合料的对比,介绍了低能量沥青温拌技术在欧洲的应用和实践,提出了低能量沥青温拌技术推广应用需要解决的关键性问题。     

超高层建筑设计风荷载的选用

在超高层建筑的结构设计过程中,各种参数的使用和指标的控制十分重要,高层建筑对风力作用较敏感,使得风荷载的取值显得较为重要,本文将借助工程实例进行分析,供大家参考。     

道路平面交叉口改造的分析与探究

交叉口在交通运输中起到了关键作用,同时也是事故多发的地段。改造平面交叉口,不仅有利于整个交通网的畅通,而且还会降低事故的发生率。本文对这一亟待解决的问题做了探究。     

上海三菱电梯智能制造技术应用点滴

1 装备制造业发展形势 制造业是国民经济的物质基础、国家安全的重要保障、国民经济高速增长的发动机及国家竞争力的主要体现。回顾世界制造业的发展历史,在19世纪末初步形成的制造业,主要生产方式是机械化加上电气化的批量生产。20世纪上半叶,以机械技术和机电自动化技术为基础的制造业的生产得到空前发展,以大批量生产为主的机械制造业成为制造活动的主体。近30年来,     

Influences of heat-treatment on the microstructure and properties of silica–titania composite aerogels

Silica–titania composite aerogels were synthesized via ambient pressure drying by using water glass and titanium tetrachloride as raw materials. The influences of heat-treatment at different temperature with different heating rate on the microstructure and properties of the composite aerogels were investigated by differential thermal analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. The results indicate that the silica–titania composite aerogels heat-treated at 250 °C exhibited highest specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter. When the heat-treatment temperature was higher than 450 °C, the –CH₃ groups on the surface of silica–titania composite aerogels would transform into –OH groups gradually, and in the meantime, the composite aerogels network structure would be destroyed gradually and the crystallinity of TiO₂ would be improved with the increase of heat-treatment temperature. Particularly, heat-treatment at temperatures above 750 °C would cause serious damage to the network structure of the composite aerogels. The adsorption/photocatalytic activity experiments showed that the composite aerogels heat-treated at 550 °C exhibit highest darkroom adsorption efficiency, and the 650 °C-heat-treated samples exhibited highest efficiency for removing the Rhodamine B from water.     

Enantioselective Construction of Cyclic Enaminone‐Based 3‐Substituted 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindole Scaffolds via Catalytic Asymmetric Additions of Isatin‐Derived Imines

The first catalytic asymmetric construction of the cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffold with potential bioactivity has been developed via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed enantioselective addition reactions of cyclic enaminones to isatin‐derived imines, which afforded a series of cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 97% ee). The investigation of the reaction mechanism suggested that it was facilitated by a dual hydrogen‐bonding activation mode between the two substrates and the chiral phosphoric acid. Besides, this method could be utilized for a large‐scale synthesis with maintained enantioselectivity. This approach will not only offer a useful method for enantioselective construction of the cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffold, but also enrich the research on catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of isatin‐derived imines by using electron‐rich olefins as nucleophiles. More importantly, a preliminary evaluation on the cytotoxicity of some selected products revealed that two of the enantio‐pure compounds exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicity to A549, 786‐0, ECA109 and BT474 cancer cell lines.

     

Formation mechanism and microhardness characterization of the ultrasonic hardening layer in cementitious materials

Ultrasonic surface treatment (UST) is a novel treatment method to improve the durability of cementitious materials, resulting in the formation of an ultrasonic hardening layer (UHL). The UHL acts as an effective natural coating, offering penetration and erosion protection. However, the formation mechanism and the quantitative characterization of the UHL have not been studied, and the validity of the UST on the top and side surfaces of cementitious materials is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated and proposed a formation mechanism for the UHL, and defined a transition layer between the UHL and the matrix. We also utilized HV microhardness testing to provide an effective quantitative characterization method for the UHL. Finally, using a set of custom-designed ultrasonic molds, we confirmed the validity of the UST on the top and side surfaces of the cementitious materials.     

施工企业项目隐性成本控制策略研究

随着我国施工企业不断增加项目成本管理,企业规模也随之扩大。很多施工企业产值取得几倍甚至十几倍的增长,但施工企业的利润却没有得到相应的增长。因此,隐性成本成为了制约现阶段施工企业发展的主要因素。