用于矿山等极端环境中的高精度定位算法

高精度室内定位技术在矿山、建筑、施工等多种极端环境下都有需求。基于超宽带通信(Ultra Wideband,UWB)的室内定位技术能够提供较高的定位精度,但超宽带信号易受到障碍物的干扰,并且在类似矿山等极端环境中,障碍物不可避免。因此,超宽带非视线传输(Non-Line-of-Sight,NLoS)测距成为当前的一个研究热点。当前研究大多集中在识别和消除非视线传输对超宽带测距的影响上,实际应用中,大多数情形下超宽带信号根本无法穿透障碍物,会导致定位标签只能够与2个或1个信标节点通信,但完成三边定位至少需要3个信标节点。为此,提出了一种基于目标行为分析的定位算法,该算法能够在短时间内仅剩余一个信标节点与标签通信时,也可实现高精度定位。该算法以超宽带通信为基础,使用信号飞行时间(Time of Flight,TOF)算法测距并定位。通过分析信号正常时的目标运动轨迹来判断其速度和方向,当信号不正常时(可通信的信标节点减少),可利用预测的速度和方向参数来实现辅助定位。将该算法部署在一个基于超宽带定位的系统中进行了测试,结果表明:当能够与标签通信并完成TOF算法的信标节点数量少于3个时,基于NLoS传输识别和消除的算法无法完成定位,而基于目标行为分析的定位算法依然能够实现定位,在单信标节点区域的平均定位误差为0.93 m,最大误差为1.41 m,在2个信标节点测距的区域,平均定位误差为0.64 m,最大误差为1.2 m。     

槽波地震勘探技术在瓦斯富集区探测中的应用研究

为查清糯东煤矿11705工作面内部煤厚变化,并圈出工作面瓦斯治理高风险区域,为工作面安全高效生产提供指导,采用槽波地震透射法对11705工作面进行探测。联合槽波速度解释与能量解释两种方法,辨析透射槽波的质量,将质量差的槽波射线分别绘制在平面图上,采用射线交汇的方法划分工作面的开采风险分布区域。探测成果与实验室中解吸法的瓦斯测定成果进行了对比,结果表明,煤与瓦斯突出矿井槽波速度与瓦斯富集区存在一定相关性,在槽波高速区、波速急剧变化带或高低速相间分布区,瓦斯含量可能较高;被四周高速区所包围的低速区域瓦斯含量较高。上述结论为国内同类型矿井瓦斯富集区探测提供了借鉴。     

基于昂普分析的黄冈大别山世界地质公园旅游开发研究

黄冈大别山世界地质公园拥有4大类12亚类53处地质遗迹资源,为中国自太古代以来的中央造山带形成演化的天然实验室,大别山地区旅游资源丰富。游客量和旅游收入逐年稳步增加,但公园旅游客源地空间的集中程度高,以湖北省武汉市游客为主,外省游客以周边地区居多。游客出游距离以短程为主。旅游业向着多元化和融合创新的全域旅游发展,而地学旅游资源产品单一化对于大众游客缺乏吸引力,以地学旅游为核心的旅游形式和内容需要再进一步开发。通过昂普分析,提出了具体的地学旅游资源开发对策与措施,旅游产业融合产业创新,提高公园旅游一体化服务水平,打造地质与人文一体旅游,发展以世界级地质公园地学旅游为主的多元化旅游活动和旅游产品,打造有效的地学旅游宣传推广体系。公园作为地学和文化综合旅游目的地,应加强区域间旅游合作建设,拓宽公园旅游市场。     

Research on optimization design of PWR flow distribution device based on numerical simulation

ABSTRACT

In the lower chamber of pressurized water reactor (PWR), the flow distribution device is the core module to distribute coolant into the core. It has complex structure and numerous design parameters. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to optimize the device. The mesh independence verification, turbulence model selection, and data processing all can influence the numerical simulation results of the lower chamber, in order to research the influence, a numerical simulation method based on the original model of CNP1000 reactor lower chamber is proposed in this paper. In the method, an optimization design method of flow distribution device is established based on surrogate model. The main design variables and optimization objectives are determined based on the device’s structure and function characteristics. And then it respectively adopts Kriging algorithm and multi-objective genetic algorithm to establish a surrogate model of flow distribution device and optimize it globally. Finally, the optimal design variables are obtained. Compared with the device’s performance before optimization, the after optimization has smaller total pressure loss and more uniform flow. The effectiveness and practicability of proposed optimization design method can be verified.     

Structural and Functional Characterization of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-Hydroxylase from Escherichia coli

The hydroxylation of phenols into polyphenols, which are valuable chemicals and pharmaceutical products, is a challenging reaction. The search for green synthetic processes has led to considering microorganisms and pure hydroxylases as catalysts for phenol hydroxylation. Herein, we report the structural and functional characterization of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase from Escherichia coli, named HpaB. It is shown that this enzyme enjoys a relatively broad substrate specificity, which allows the conversion of a number of non-natural phenolic compounds, such as tyrosol, hydroxymandelic acid, coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and its methyl ester, and phenol, into the corresponding catechols. The reaction can be performed by using a simple chemical assay based on formate as the electron donor and the organometallic complex [Rh(bpy)Cp*(H₂O)]²⁺ (Cp*: 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene, bpy: 2,2′-bipyridyl) as the catalyst for FAD reduction. The availability of a crystal structure of HpaB in complex with FAD at 1.8 Å resolution opens up the possibility of the rational tuning of the substrate specificity and activity of this interesting class of phenol hydroxylases.     

Microstructure and mechanical property of (TiB2-SiC) agglomerate-toughened B4C-TiB2-SiC composites

B₄C-TiB₂-SiC composites toughened by (TiB₂-SiC) agglomerates were prepared via reactive hot pressing with B₄C and TiSi₂ as raw materials. Phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were investigated. The function of (TiB₂-SiC) agglomerates was analyzed, and the strengthening and toughening mechanism were also discussed. Results indicated that some of the in situ formed TiB₂ and SiC were interlocked to form special (TiB₂-SiC) agglomerates in the matrix. The good comprehensive performances of 510 MPa flexural strength, 5.84 MPa·m^1/2 fracture toughness, and 31.93 GPa hardness were obtained in the composites fabricated with 30 wt% TiSi₂. The in situ introduced fine TiB₂ and SiC grains refined the grains of B₄C due to the pinning effect, which enhanced the strength. The special (TiB₂-SiC) agglomerates and the existing toughening phenomena such as crack deflection, branching, and microcrack regions induced by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients, had cumulative effects on improving the fracture toughness.     

Cu-SiC磨具制备及其性能表征

笔者描述了铜-碳化硅磨具的制备过程,采用热压成形法制备了Cu-SiC磨具。该磨具主要由铜粉、酚醛环氧树脂和碳化硅磨料组成。研究了树脂、碳化硅与辅助磨料的种类、组成对磨具性能的影响。结果表明:当加入适量铜粉,复合材料磨损率会下降、耐磨性能会提高,被磨削表面不易出现凹痕、孔洞;但是铜粉添加过量时,磨具磨损率会增加。较佳配方组成为:35wt%树脂、45wt%碳化硅、15.56wt%铜粉、4.44wt%白刚玉。