Hydrogen bonding induced enhancement for constructing anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels

Anisotropic hydrogels are appealing with their merits of similar biochemical and structural properties to the biological tissues. However, the mechanical properties of current anisotropic hydrogels need to be further improved. Herein, three kinds of novel anisotropic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), poly(acrylamide) (pAM), and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p[AM-co-AA]) sugarcane composite hydrogels were prepared successfully by filling the hydrogel monomer precursor into porous aligned sugarcane nanofibers network and then performing subsequent free radical polymerization. The hydrogel matrix and sugarcane nanofibers network were combined closely together through hydrogen bonding interaction. The anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels exhibit good flexibility and elastic recovery properties upon encountering mechanical crimping and twisting. In typical case, the as-prepared pHEMA sugarcane composite hydrogel can exhibit high anisotropic tensile strength of 2.37 and 0.54 MPa, while differential tear strength of 0.36 and 0.78 N/mm, along the parallel and vertical nanofibers directions. Finally, anisotropic lubrication behaviors were found and investigated systematically for those three kinds of sugarcane composite hydrogels when water was used as lubricant. Our current work proposes a simple and universal strategy for developing bioinspired anisotropic functional composite matters such as artificial skin, flexible sensor, and cartilage lubrication materials.     

Study on polyurethane-acrylate/cerium dioxide modified by 3-(Methylacryloxyl)propyltrimethoxy silane and its UV absorption property

Firstly, cerium dioxide(CeO₂) was modified by 3-(Methylacryloxyl)propyltrimethoxy silane (KH-570), and modified CeO₂ (mCeO₂) was prepared. Then poly (urethane-acrylate) was modified by mCeO₂, and poly (urethane-acrylate)/modified CeO₂ (PUA/mCeO₂) composites with ultraviolet absorption property were prepared. The morphology, thermal hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, optical properties, and UV-absorption properties of PUA/mCeO₂ composites were studied. XRD and SEM analysis showed that the modified CeO₂ had better dispersion in the matrix than that of pure CeO₂. Ultraviolet–visible spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the optical properties and thermal stability of PUA/mCeO₂ composites. The results showed that with the increasing of the mCeO₂ content, the UV-absorption property of PUA/mCeO₂ composites was improved gradually. When the content of mCeO₂ is 3%, the absorption of ultraviolet of PUA/mCeO2 composites is about 5 times of pure PUA film, and the absorption band is mainly in the UVA section. The thermal stability of PUA/mCeO₂ composites was improved with the adding of mCeO₂. With the increasing of mCeO₂ content, the contact angle of PUA/mCeO₂ composites increased significantly. And the UV-absorption mechanism of PUA/mCeO₂ Composites was studied. UV-curable PUA/mCeO₂ composites have good UV absorption property and water resistance. They will be used in the sun screen and protect people's skin.     

考虑逆变器非线性永磁同步电机高频注入电感辨识方法

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)传统的电感辨识方法受逆变器非线性影响的问题,该文提出一种考虑逆变器非线性影响的高频注入电感参数辨识方法.该方法在两相静止坐标系下注入高频旋转方波电压,并提出一种可抑制逆变器非线性的信号构造方法,采用该构造方法对两相静止坐标系下高频响应电流差值进行构造,得到永磁同步电机dq轴电感参数辨识信号.根据误差分析给出高频注入信号的选取方法.基于1.5kW内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)的实验结果表明,所研究方法能实现考虑饱和的电感参数辨识,具有收敛速度快、能够有效抑制逆变器非线性的影响、易于工程实现的优点.     

基于电压和电流特征的双馈风电变流器功率器件开路故障综合诊断

变流器功率器件开路故障监测与识别对提高双馈风电系统智能运维至关重要.针对现有基于变流器电压或电流单一特征以及固定阈值的方法难以同时实现功率器件故障诊断监测与识别问题,该文提出一种基于变流器直流母线电压的故障监测与基于转子电流故障识别的综合诊断方法.首先,理论分析变流器功率器件开路故障对直流母线电压的影响,基于累积和(CUSUM)算法,提出基于直流母线电压特征的故障监测方法;其次,针对转子输出电流非平稳特性和阈值固定问题,提出基于归一化输出电流平均值和绝对平均值为故障特征量及自适应阈值的故障识别方法;最后,仿真模拟不同功率器件先后开路,验证所提方法的有效性,以风速随机及电网电压跌落为场景验证所提方法的鲁棒性.同时,以功率器件典型开路故障实验数据验证仿真分析的准确性.仿真与实验结果表明,所提方法能准确实现变流器功率器件开路故障诊断.     

500/√3kV 0.002级多级励磁标准电压互感器设计与仿真分析

由于高压互感器绝缘设计较为困难,使得现有的标准电压互感器测量准确度难以得到有效的提升.该文以多级高低压混合励磁标准电压互感器电路为研究对象,结合多级励磁理论进行该电路在理想条件下的仿真分析.首先,根据该励磁方案建立其对应的等效电路;其次,根据该等效电路推导出互感器准确度计算公式;然后,结合实际需求,对500/√3kV多级高低压混合励磁标准电压互感器进行理论参数计算,包括内阻抗与励磁阻抗参数计算;最后,根据上述的理论参数计算出该互感器的测量准确度,仿真结果表明该互感器结构的比差为-2.27×10?7％,角差为3.44×10?6％,该标准互感器足以满足准确度等级为0.002级的要求,可尝试开发实物.     

家用冰箱储藏室内挥发性有机物检测及分析

为研究家用冰箱储藏室中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的释放量及主要来源,采用气相色谱–质谱法对工作状态下冰箱储藏室的VOCs含量进行检测;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对冷藏室的物料进行成分分析,同时用密封舱法探究冷藏室不同物料对VOCs含量贡献。结果表明,冰箱冷藏室物料中发泡聚苯乙烯风道泡沫释放的总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)、正戊烷及异戊烷最多,是造成异味的关键性物料,而正戊烷、异戊烷是冰箱异味的主要成分。聚氯乙烯门封条对异味的贡献也较大,通用聚苯乙烯抽屉体贡献的VOCs种类最多;在工作状态下,随着密闭时间的增加,冰箱储藏室的VOCs的种类及含量增加,但苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC及戊烷类的含量均未超过国家标准。储藏室异戊烷含量较高,是冰箱的异味的主要来源。     

碳纳米纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料制备及性能

通过纳米碳纤维(CNFs)在聚甲醛(POM)基体中的均匀分散以及取向,制备了具有优异力学性能和热性能的POM/CNFs复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸性能测试、热重分析、动态热机械分析测试表征了POM/CNFs复合材料的结构和力学、热学性能。结果表明,CNFs与POM分子链形成氢键相互作用,促进了CNFs在POM基体内分散,同时使POM/CNFs复合材料的结晶度显著提高。随着CNFs含量增加,POM/CNFs复合材料的拉伸强度、储能模量和损耗模量均得到提高。当添加0.5%的CNFs时,拉伸强度、储能模量及损耗模量分别提高了20.5%,127%和58%。进一步研究了高温拉伸对POM/CNFs复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,CNFs沿拉伸方向定向排列,同时复合材料拉伸后结晶度提高,拉伸强度显著增加。     

基于改进暴力搜索算法的全双向变流供电系统参数设计

针对全双向变流供电系统(双向变流装置作为唯一变流器的供电系统)中潮流计算和参数设计问题,该文建立考虑双向变流装置容量约束的系统潮流计算模型;以潮流计算算法为基础,提出一种基于改进暴力搜索算法的双向变流装置参数设计策略,该算法考虑任一牵引降压混合所(牵混所)解列的情况,以不考虑双向变流装置容量约束的仿真结果为基础,将容量、下垂率和空载电压分三层迭代以求得极限解集.对实际算例进行分析,考虑双向变流装置容量约束后牵混所整流峰值功率得到控制,相邻所可提供功率支援.提出的策略搜索次数为传统暴力搜索算法搜索次数的1.63％;算例工程中,列车为6B编组,最高速度为80km/h,采用上述策略得到解集中,双向变流装置容量下限为7MW.     

电晕放电下C5F10O混合气体的分解特性

C5F10O的绝缘强度高且全球变暖潜能值低,是一种潜在的SF6替代气体,但其分解特性的研究尚少.该文首先基于密度泛函理论对C5F10O的分解路径进行计算,结果表明,C5F10O初步裂解可形成CF3-、F-、C3F7-等自由基,这些自由基经复合或分解反应可最终生成CF4、C2F6、C3F8等氟碳类化合物.随后进行C5F10O/空气与C5F10O/N2混合气体的工频电晕放电实验,采用气相色谱质谱联用技术对分解产物进行定性和定量检测,并分析分解产物的体积分数变化与气体混合比和施加电压之间的关系.实验结果表明:两种混合气体的分解物主要成分为CO、CO2、CF4、C2F6、C3F8、C2F4和C3F6;氟碳类气体总体积分数、CO体积分数及CO2体积分数均与C5F10O混合比例、施加电压正相关.从应用条件和减少分解产物种类与毒性角度考虑,比例为93.5％～96％的空气适合用作C5F10O的缓冲气体.     

基于响应面法的双边长初级永磁直线同步电机多目标优化设计

永磁直线同步电机由于存在边端效应以及齿槽效应,在运行中不可避免地产生推力波动。针对高速大推力密度应用场景,对一种双边长初级PMLSM开展了优化设计。将有限元法与解析法结合,首先独立分析了轴向长度、极弧系数和初级轭部高度等单个参数对电机水平推力和推力波动的影响,并进一步采用Taguchi法筛选显著性较高的结构参数。在此基础上,以提高电磁推力、减小推力波动为优化目标对电机进行响应面分析,得到最终的电机尺寸优化参数。最后制作样机并搭建实验平台,验证了所提优化方法的有效性。