The loosing mechanism of screw bolts on the first wall graphite tiles in EAST

The first wall in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has used many graphite tiles to face the plasma. All graphite ties have been mounted on heat sink using screw bolts which had been preloaded to produce clamp force. The clamp force is very important to keep the graphite tiles on the surface of the heat sink tightly because the heat flux will cross this contacting surface in a small thermal resistor. Without the clamp force the small gap between graphite tiles and heat sink will lead thermal power cannot be carried away by cooling water. The worse is some bolts turned out with the loss of clamp force. From the mathematical models the process of the loss of clamp force has been studied. Research results explain how the different thermal expansion of three members of the screw joint leads to the clamp force decrease to zero under temperature rise and external force and how the stiffness affect the relationship between the clamp force and temperature. The research also gets the critical temperature point that the clamp force can remain above zero. Research results indicated this screw joint is absolute to lose their clamp force during the EAST running so that the bolt joints should be redesign to improve its reliability.     

铁矿尾矿的活化及蒸养砖的制备

采用煅烧、磁选工艺对铁矿尾矿的惰性进行改性. 以改性后的铁矿尾矿为原料制备了蒸养砖,实现了对铁矿尾矿的废物利用. 将选矿尾矿与一定量煤粉混合煅烧,使其具有火山灰活性并使尾矿中的矿石矿物转变成磁铁矿. 对煅烧尾矿进行磁选,并检测三氧化二铝和二氧化硅的总溶出率. 以活化磁选后的铁矿尾矿为主要原料,采取干压成型制备了蒸养砖. 结果表明,煅烧后磁选能够将重选尾矿、浮选尾矿中的铁含量分别降低39.41 %和45.10 %,分选出来的铁精矿的品位均在57 %以上. 同时,重选尾矿的火山灰活性提高了近3倍,磁选尾矿的火山灰活性提高近2倍. 制备蒸养砖的最佳配合比为:水泥、建筑砂与尾矿的质量比为1∶1∶8,水料比0.15,石膏掺量为总干物料的2%. 所制得蒸养砖的抗折强度、抗压强度、吸水率、软化系数、干质量损失、干燥收缩率等性能指标都达到了非烧结砖的国标要求.     

硅碳直接反应法制备超细β-SiC粉

采用碳纳米管（CNTs）为碳源,硅粉为硅源,通过煅烧,制备出了纳米到亚微米级的超细碳化硅（SiC）粉体,研究了1 300 ℃、1 400 ℃、1 500 ℃三个不同的反应温度对于SiC粉体粒度的影响,讨论了SiC颗粒形成的反应机理. 表征结果显示,制备的粉体物相均为β-SiC,随着反应温度的升高,粉体粒径增大. Nicomp多波形粒径分布显示,在1 300℃条件下制备的超细SiC粉体中96.4%的颗粒粒径为95.9 nm. 通过分析,推测超细SiC粉的形成机理为:反应物中存在的杂质镍与硅粉在高温下形成共熔液滴,碳纳米管进入液滴反应生成SiC晶核,进而析出晶体,晶体在高温条件下不断长大,形成超细SiC粉. 碳硅直接反应法相对简单、成本低,适合大规模制备纳米及亚微米级碳化硅粉体.     

掺混合材和硫酸钠水泥石可溶出SO42-的实验

目的 分析在掺加Na2SO4后,粉煤灰、矿粉、水泥以及不同粉煤灰、矿粉掺量的水泥石中可溶出SO42-的量,进而研究SO42-对混凝土的潜在破坏性.方法 利用溶出法对不同水化龄期样品进行处理,再利用BaSO4重量法对样品中可溶出SO42-的量进行化学分析,以此来研究SO42-量随水化龄期的变化.结果 水化28 d时,Na2SO4掺量低于2%的水泥石中已测不出SO42-,而Na2SO4掺量高于2%的水泥石中仍有可溶出SO42-;在水泥、粉煤灰和矿粉中,固化SO42-速率最快的是矿粉,固化SO42-量最大的是水泥;Na2SO4掺量2%,水化7d之前,水泥中粉煤灰掺量越高可溶出SO42-量越大,矿粉掺量越高可溶出SO42-量越小.结论 普通水泥混凝土中Na2SO4掺量不应高于2%;固化SO42-的速率由快到慢为矿粉、水泥和粉煤灰;固化SO42-的量由高到低为水泥、矿粉和粉煤灰;水泥中复合粉煤灰后固化SO42-的速率变慢;水泥中复合矿粉后固化SO42-的速率变快.     

矿物掺合料及硫酸钠对混凝土早期电导率的影响

目的研究混凝土中掺入粉煤灰、矿渣微粉及硫酸钠的电导率变化规律.方法利用电导率仪,测定混凝土从成型开始48h电导率的变化规律.结果硫酸钠的掺入使水泥混凝土电导率峰值滞后;随着粉煤灰、矿渣微粉掺量的增加,混凝土的电导率呈下降趋势;而加入硫酸钠后,粉煤灰电导率随掺量增加而增加,矿渣微粉电导率整体规律并无变化.结论电导率曲线表明了硫酸钠对普通水泥除具有缓凝作用外,还为其早强作用提供了新证据;矿物掺合料的活性低于水泥且矿渣微粉的活性高于粉煤灰,硫酸钠对粉煤灰及矿渣微粉具有较好的激发作用.     

煤矿防爆电源装置用连接线的制作

本文所述的连接线是煤矿铅酸蓄电池防爆特殊型电源装置的关键部件,文章对连接线的制作过程和检验方法作了较为详尽的介绍。