关于X射线衍射法测定微观应力的表征值的讨论

本文以Ｍａｃｈｅｒａｕｃｈ内应力分类法为依据,指出存在于各个晶粒的第Ⅱ类内应力（即微观应力）的值是一个随机变量。通常由Ｘ射线衍射线的线形分析获得的所谓微观应力值只是第Ⅱ类内应力的离差;而导致衍射线附加位移的伪宏观应力是其均值,综合两者才是材料中第Ⅱ类内应力的确切表达。     

A NEW INTELLIGENT AMPEROMETRIC TYPE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PROBE

1.IntroductionHydrogeninducedcracking(HIC)orsulfidesstresscorrosioncracking(SSCC)ofsteeloftenoccursinvariousindustrialprocesseswiththepermeationofhydrogenintothesteel[1].Susceptibilityofsteeltothisphenomenonmainlydependsonmetallurgicalandenvironmenta...     

EFFECT OF MODIFICATION ON CARBIDE GRANULATION AND ITS MECHANISM

1.IntroductionItiswellknownthatnetworkcarbideisgreatlydetrimentaltothestrengthandtoughnessofironandsteels.Furthermore,thenetworkcarbideisfoundtobesostableastoremainathightemperature[1].Someresearchesthatcarbidemorphologycanbeimprovedbymodificationwer...     

垂直晶界和倾斜晶界Cu双晶的疲劳开裂行为及其机制

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）研究了一种垂直晶界和两种倾斜晶界Ｃｕ双晶的疲劳开裂行为及其机制。这三种双晶组元晶体的取向均为「１３４」。结果表明,沿晶界的疲劳开裂是Ｃｕ双晶疲劳破坏的主要形式,但垂直晶界和倾斜晶界双晶疲劳裂纹萌生的机制有所不同。垂直晶界双晶沿晶疲劳裂纹主要由驻留滑移带撞击晶界面产生,而倾斜晶界双晶疲劳裂纹的萌生是由晶界两侧晶粒的滑移台阶而引起的应力集中所致。造成这种差别的原因同两种双晶的活动滑     

INTERFACIAL CHARACTER OF PRIMARY α_2/γLAMELLAE FOR γ-TiAl-BASED(α_2+γ) TWO-PHASE AllOY

利用金相法及TEM研究了γ-TiAl基（γ十α2）双相合金初生（α2／γ）片层形成过程中的界面特征及形成方式．发现合金中初生α2／γ片层组织是通过α→αss2→α2＋γ或α→α＋γ→α2＋γ相变方式形成的．γ片层的析出是通过在原α或αss2晶界处形核,以体积扩散控制的台阶机制生长,1000℃时γ片层的伸长速度约为（1．0—3．33）×10(-7)m／γ．并确定初生α2／γ界面为半共格,估算α2／γ界面能约为0．274J／m2．     

FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF Co/CoFe_2O_4 MULTILAYERS

1.IntroductionMultilayershaveattractedconsiderableattentionfromfundamentalandtechnologicalinterests.Manynewphenomenainmetal-metalmultilayers,suchasthereductionorenhancementofmagnetizationatinterfaces[1],themagneticanisotropyl'1,theoscillatoryinterlay...     

Design of Reflective Concentrator Model with Application for Concentrator Photovoltaic System

The nonuniform irradiation in the standard photovoltaic(PV) cells causes their relatively high series resistance,which results in a considerably lowered efficiency of PV cells.Currently the concentrator of uniform irradiation designed for concentrator photovoltaic is rare in China and lack sufficient theoretical research.In this paper,a systematic research on the solar reflective concentrator is conducted.A novel structure for a solar reflective concentrator is designed with the application of a flat mirror matrix to concentrate the sunlight for concentrator photovoltaic(CPV) systems.Sunlight beams are focused through the reflection of the mirror array on the solar cell to generate electricity.The concentrator is capable of producing much more uniform sunlight with a certain concentration ratio.The design scheme includes laying out the flat mirrors,optimizing the optical pathway and the parameters of each mirror.The prototype of the CPV system was installed at Nanjing,China.In the configuration of the prototype,it is composed of 24 pieces parallelogram flat mirrors,which are arranged into a total reflective array of 5 rows and 5 columns.In comparison with the parabolic trough concentrator,the experimental measurements verify such design has high efficiency.The concentrator model of a flat mirror matrix and the proposed new design method will lay a solid foundation for designing the concentrator of uniform irradiation.     

HERG channel dysfunction in human long QT syndrome. Intracellular transport and functional defects

Mutations in HERG are associated with human chromosome 7-linked congenital long QT (LQT-2) syndrome. We used electrophysiological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical methods to study the molecular mechanisms of HERG channel dysfunction caused by LQT-2 mutations. Wild type HERG and LQT-2 mutations were studied by stable and transient expression in HEK 293 cells. We found that some mutations (Y611H and V822M) caused defects in biosynthetic processing of HERG channels with the protein retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Other mutations (I593R and G628S) were processed similarly to wild type HERG protein, but these mutations did not produce functional channels. In contrast, the T474I mutation expressed HERG current but with altered gating properties. These findings suggest that the loss of HERG channel function in LQT-2 mutations is caused by multiple mechanisms including abnormal channel processing, the generation of nonfunctional channels, and altered channel gating.     

两种铸造镍基高温合金在长期时效期间的微观组织和力学性能演变

长期时效期间K452和K446合金中的γ′相形貌都保持球形,尺寸不断粗化,但K446中γ′相的粗化速率总体上比K452快.初生MC的热稳定性不仅与MC本身的化学成分密切相关,而且与合金成分有关;合金中γ基体的热稳定性(即晶内二次碳化物或TCP相的析出)与初生MC的热稳定性有关;晶界粗化通过γ′沉淀及镶嵌于其中的碳化物(M_(23)C_6或M_6C)的析出和长大来实现.γ′相粗化、初生MC分解、晶界粗化以及二次碳化物或TCP相的析出等,使合金的力学性能明显下降。