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21.
Emrah Öncü Rasit Tutgun Emre Aktas 《International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking》2023,41(6):589-598
Conventional solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) design approach isolates radio frequency (RF) design from communication theory. In this paper, a unified SSPA design approach is proposed, which optimizes SSPA parameters (bias voltage and input RF signal power) to minimize total DC power consumption while satisfying received SNR constraint specified by the link budget. The effect of SSPA nonlinearity is quantified by the error vector magnitude measured at its output and the corresponding received SNR degradation is analyzed. Using the quantitative metrics for received SNR, it is possible to evaluate highly nonlinear SSPA classes such as Class-B or deep-Class AB, which are normally not considered in conventional SSPA design approach to be used in satellite communication applications. 相似文献
22.
S. I. Rembeza N. N. Kosheleva E. S. Rembeza T. V. Svistova E. Yu. Plotnikova E. Suvaci E. Özel G. Tuncolu C. Açiksari 《Semiconductors》2014,48(8):1118-1122
The study is concerned with high-purity SnO2 and ZnO powders produced from salt solutions of corresponding metals by low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Fragments of SnO2 and ZnO ceramic targets formed as 1 × 8 cm bars are fabricated by dry pressing. The bars are used to form composite targets for ion-beam sputtering and the fabrication of compositionally different (SnO2) x (ZnO)1 ? x (x = 1–0.5) films appropriate for the production of gas sensors or transparent electronic devices. The optical and electrical parameters of the films with different compositions are studied. 相似文献
23.
New synthetic strategies are needed for the assembly of porous metal titanates and metal chalcogenite‐titania thin films for various energy applications. Here, a new synthetic approach is introduced in which two solvents and two surfactants are used. Both surfactants are necessary to accommodate the desired amount of salt species in the hydrophilic domains of the mesophase. The process is called a molten‐salt‐assisted self‐assembly (MASA) because the salt species are in the molten phase and act as a solvent to assemble the ingredients into a mesostructure and they react with titania to form mesoporous metal titanates during the annealing step. The mesoporous metal titanate (meso‐Zn2TiO4 and meso‐CdTiO3) thin films are reacted under H2S or H2Se gas at room temperature to yield high quality transparent mesoporous metal chalcogenides. The H2Se reaction produces rutile and brookite titania phases together with nanocrystalline metal selenides and H2S reaction of meso‐CdTiO3 yields nanocrystalline anatase and CdS in the spatially confined pore walls. Two different metal salts (zinc nitrate hexahydrate and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate) are tested to demonstrate the generality of the new assembly process. The meso‐TiO2‐CdSe film shows photoactivity under sunlight. 相似文献
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Stephan Pachnicke Sinan Özdür Helmut Griesser Cornelius Fürst Peter M. Krummrich 《Optical Fiber Technology》2009,15(5-6):414-419
The sensitivity of optical orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission to the finite resolutions of the digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) has been analyzed using numerical simulations. We show that for back-to-back configuration the requirements regarding the number of quantization bits for the DACs are similar to the ones of the ADCs. After transmission over metro and long-haul distances a higher resolution of the DAC/ADC is required compared to back-to-back configuration. We show that after transmission it is sufficient to enhance either the ADC resolution or the DAC resolution by 1 bit. 相似文献
28.
The effect of temperature on copper oxide scale morphology was studied during in situ oxidation of OFHC copper in a hot-stage environmental scanning electron microscope (HSESEM). Cuprous oxide scales grown at low temperature [0.2Tm(Cu2O)] and intermediate temperatures 0.6–0.7Tm(Cu2O)] were found to be crystallographically oriented. At intermediate temperatures, scales exhibited nonplanar features such as ridges and growth pyramids. At high temperatures [T> 0.8Tm(Cu2O)], scales had planar morphologies and a few dislocation growth pits. Downquenching and upquenching of the Cu2O scales from steady-state oxidation temperatures induced morphological changes such as cavity formation and surface reconstruction. 相似文献
29.
Irradiation combined with a conventional cooking procedure was applied to meatball and the effects on bacterial load and inoculatedAeromonas hydrophila were determined. Meatball samples were irradiated by using a60Co source at the dose levels of 0, 0.30,0.75,1.50,2.50 kGy and cold stored at 4±1°C for 7 days. Bacterial load and the count ofA. hydrophila decreased when the irradiation dose level increased. A minimum inhibition effect was found at the dose of 0.30 kGy. Irradiation in combination with a conventional cooking procedure was found to be more effective in reducingA. hydrophila and the bacterial load in meatball. This study indicated that a dose of 0.75 kGy was sufficient to destroy approximately 104 cfu/g ofA. hydrophila in meatball. 相似文献
30.
Stijn F. L. Mertens Matthew Gara Alla S. Sologubenko Joachim Mayer Sönke Szidat Karl W. Krämer Timo Jacob David J. Schiffrin Thomas Wandlowski 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(17):3259-3267
Dynamic core–shell nanoparticles have received increasing attention in recent years. This paper presents a detailed study of Au–Hg nanoalloys, whose composing elements show a large difference in cohesive energy. A simple method to prepare Au@Hg particles with precise control over the composition up to 15 atom% mercury is introduced, based on reacting a citrate stabilized gold sol with elemental mercury. Transmission electron microscopy shows an increase of particle size with increasing mercury content and, together with X‐ray powder diffraction, points towards the presence of a core–shell structure with a gold core surrounded by an Au–Hg solid solution layer. The amalgamation process is described by pseudo‐zero‐order reaction kinetics, which indicates slow dissolution of mercury in water as the rate determining step, followed by fast scavenging by nanoparticles in solution. Once adsorbed at the surface, slow diffusion of Hg into the particle lattice occurs, to a depth of ca. 3 nm, independent of Hg concentration. Discrete dipole approximation calculations relate the UV–vis spectra to the microscopic details of the nanoalloy structure. Segregation energies and metal distribution in the nanoalloys were modeled by density functional theory calculations. The results indicate slow metal interdiffusion at the nanoscale, which has important implications for synthetic methods aimed at core–shell particles. 相似文献