高温微波反应器工业化应用部分关键问题分析

简述了高温微波反应器的工作原理及国内外研究现状.重点分析了高温微波反应器工业化应用在微波高温陶瓷材料、大功率微波发生器、物料温度测试及数值模拟、设备的适应性等方面存在的主要问题,并展望了高温微波反应器的工业化应用前景.     

Regeneration of waste activated carbon after extracting gold with steam under microwave heating： Optimization using responsesurface methodology

The technology that waste activated carbon after extracting gold is regenerated with steam under microwave heating was studied. The influence of the activation temperature, activation duration and steam flow rate on iodine adsorption value and regeneration yield of activated carbon was investigated. The response surface methodology （RSM） technique was utilized to optimize the process conditions. The optimum conditions for the preparation of activated carbon are identified to be activation temperature of 831 ℃, activation duration of 40 min and steam flow rate of 2.67 mL/min. The optimum conditions result in an activated carbon with an iodine number of 1048 mg/g and a yield of 40%, and the BET surface area evaluated using nitrogen adsorption isotherm is 1493 m2/g, with total pore volume of 1.242 cm3/g. And the pore structure of activated carbon regenerated is mainly composed of micropores and a small amount of mesopores.     

基于OO的曲面造型

提出了一种基于面向对象（ＯｂｊｅｃｔＯｒｉｅｎｔｅｄ）技术的统一曲面模型，它将ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面和解析曲面在方法上统一起来在这个模型的基础上，有关曲面造型的所有问题（如曲面的编辑、修改，曲面的求交、裁剪、过渡和偏置等运算）都得到了简化，且在方法上得到了统一．     

核桃壳综合利用技术的现状

对目前综合利用核桃壳技术,如在油田中的应用,以及制造活性炭、提取棕色素、作抗氧化剂、治疗白内障和制造有机稀释肥、抗聚剂等进行了介绍,旨在推动这些技术的发展。     

Microwave absorbing properties of high titanium slag

Microwave absorbing properties of high titanium slag were investigated by using microwave cavity perturbation technique. High titanium slag containing more than 90% TiO₂ was prepared by carbothermal reduction of ilmenite. The temperature rise curve of high titanium slag in microwave heating process was obtained. Crystalline compounds of high titanium slag before and after microwave irradiation were obtained and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Effects of particle size of high titanium slag and mixtures of high titanium slag with different mass fractions of V₂O₅ on microwave absorbing properties were investigated systematically. The results show that high titanium slag has good microwave absorption property; untreated high titanium slag mainly consists of crystalline compounds of anatase and iron titanium oxide, while the microwave-irradiation treated one is mainly composed of crystalline compounds of rutile and iron titanium oxide. Synthetic anatase is transformed completely into rutile at about 1 050 °C for 20 min under microwave irradiation. High frequency shift and low amplitude of voltage make high titanium slag an ideal microwave absorbent. 180 μm of particle size and 10% mass fraction of V₂O₅ are found to be the optimum conditions for microwave absorption. Foundation item: Project(2007CB613606) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(50734007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

氯化锌活化烟杆制造活性炭及孔结构表征

以烟杆为原料，以氯化锌为活化剂，采用一步炭化活化法制备了活性炭。采用正交实验研究了氯化锌浓度、浸渍时间、炭化温度和保温时间对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响，最佳工艺条件为ZnCl2浓度25％。浸泡时间12h，炭化温度650℃，保温时问20min时，所制造的活性炭其碘吸附值为1080．36mg／g，亚甲基蓝吸附值为170．0mL／g，得率为36．00％。同时测定了该活性炭的液氮吸附等温线，并通过BET、H-K方程、D-A方程和密度函数理论(DFT)表征了活性炭的孔结构。结果表明：该活性炭为微孔型，BET比表面积为1476m2／g，总孔容为0．5798mL／g，微孔孔容达到了0．3498mL／g，微孔容积占总孔容的59．83％，中孔占39．51％，大孔占0．66％。     

水蒸气活化再生扑热息痛用废活性炭的研究

以扑热息痛生产过程中产生的废活性炭为研究对象,采用管式电阻炉的加热方式对其进行再生条件的研究。实验重点考察了在氮气作为保护气体的条件下再生温度、再生时间、水蒸气流量3个因素对再生活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附性能和得率的影响。得到了废活性炭再生的最佳实验条件:再生温度750℃,再生时间20min,水蒸气的流量2.0mL/min。在最佳实验条件下得到的再生活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值为184.5mg/g,得率70.56%,在此条件下测得再生活性炭的比表面积为996.8m2/g,总孔体积为0.995mL/g。通过对废活性炭和再生活性炭扫描电镜的分析发现再生后的活性炭孔隙数量增多并且其表面杂质明显减少。     

有机酸在超声作用下对废FCC催化剂中有害金属脱除的影响

有害金属Fe、V、Ni是石油流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂中毒的根源,导致FCC催化剂的活性降低。针对现有废FCC催化剂再生工艺存在有害金属脱除率低、废剂颗粒的微观形貌和分子筛骨架易被破坏、废剂无法回用等问题,以有机酸为浸出剂,提出超声协同有机酸脱除废催化剂中有害金属的强化处理工艺。本研究以保留废FCC催化剂的球状颗粒结构和Y型分子筛骨架结构为前提,研究在超声作用下氧化预处理、有机酸种类、反应温度、时间以及超声功率对废FCC催化剂中有害金属脱除的影响。实验结果表明,在超声作用下,不同有机酸对有害金属的脱除效果从弱到强的顺序为乙酸、EDTA、草酸+乙酸、草酸,而废剂微观结构被破坏的程度也增加。在草酸和乙酸的混合液为浸出剂、超声功率为250 W、浸出温度为70℃、浸出时间为30 min的条件下,V、Fe、Ni脱除率分别高达40.7%、27.5%和17.2%,且浸出后的FCC催化剂球状结构和分子筛骨架结构完整。与常规浸出相比,超声浸出对有害金属的脱除起到强化作用,V、Fe、Ni的浸出率分别提高了19.9%、13.1%和7.7%。     

废触媒再生制备ZnO/活性炭复合材料及表征

以醋酸乙烯合成用废触媒为原料,在分析其热解特性的基础上,提出了直接加热水蒸汽活化再生新工艺,得到了不同再生温度条件下的再生样品.采用N2吸附、碘吸附法等手段对样品的结构和吸附性能进行了表征,当废触媒在950℃处理40min时,所得样品的比表面积可达到1193m2/g,碘吸附值1080mg/g;同时采用XRD、SEM、FTIR对样品的结构和表面性质进行了分析,发现样品由活性炭(AC)和ZnO组成,且ZnO分散在AC中,表明再生的样品为ZnO/AC复合材料.新工艺为废触媒的综合利用开辟了新的途径,为ZnO/AC复合材料探索出了新的原料来源争制备方法.     

锌电积节能系统评价与技术研究

湿法炼锌电积单元是一个复杂的控制过程和体系,本文利用专家评议法（Delphi）对电积体系的能源利用情况进行了详细的分析和论述,根据生产情况,找出了影响节能的措施和方法.实践表明这些成果有较好的生产指导性,能带来可观的经济效益.锌电积电流效率由改进前的84.7％提高到87.6％;锌电积直流电单耗由改进前的3 250 kWh/t片降为3 196 kWh/t片,每吨锌片节能54 kWh.