微波辐射辅助机械冲击破碎岩石动力学试验研究

微波辅助冲击式破岩是实现快速破碎硬岩的重要手段,开展微波辐射对岩石抗冲击性能的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。采用工业微波炉对砂岩进行不同功率和不同时间的辐射试验,测试了砂岩在辐射前后的波速、孔隙率和动态力学强度。结果发现:在5 kW的辐射功率下砂岩升温速率达到1.29℃/s,3 kW的辐射功率下达到1.04℃/s;微波辐射后砂岩波速不断降低,孔隙率不断增大,5 kW辐射4 min后波速降低了34%,孔隙率增加了近70%;在5 kW和3 kW辐射4 min后,砂岩动态压缩强度分别降低了60.4 MPa和44 MPa。研究结果说明微波辐射能够使砂岩快速升温,在热应力的作用下试样内部产生裂纹并扩展,使得波速下降而孔隙度增大。辐射加热大幅地降低了砂岩动态压缩强度。     

A novel experimental system for performance evaluation of water powered percussive rock drill

A set of water powered excavation test system was developed for the comprehensive performance testing and evaluation of water powered percussive rock drill indoors. The whole system contains hydraulic power section, electronic control system, test and data acquisition system, and assistant devices, such as guideway and drilling bench. Parameters of the water powered percussive rock drill can be obtained by analyzing testing data, which contain impact energy, front and back cavity pressure, pressure and flow in each working part, drilling velocity, frequency and energy efficiency etc. The system is applied to test the self-designed water powered percussive rock drill SYYG65. The parameters of water powered percussive rock drill with impact pressure of about 8.9 MPa are 58.93 J for impact energy, and 8.97% for energy efficiency, which prove the effectiveness of system.     

Piezoelectric responses of brittle rock mass containing quartz to static stress and exploding stress wave respectively

The electromagnetic emission（EME） induced from the rock containing piezoelectric materials was investigated under both static stress and exploding stress wave in the view of piezoelectric effect. The results show that the intensity of the EME induced from the rock under static stress increases with increasing stress level and loading rate; the relationship between the amplitude of the EME from the rock under different modes of stress wave and elastic parameters and propagation distance was presented. The intensity of the EME relates not only to the strength and elastic moduli of rock masses,but also to the initial damage of the rock. The intensity of EME induced by stress wave reaches the highest at the explosion-center and attenuates with the propagation distance. The intensity of EME increases with increasing the elastic modulus and decreases with increasing initial damage. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Complete splitting process of steel fiber reinforced concrete at intermediate strain rate

The complete splitting process of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） at intermediate strain rate was studied by experiment. The basic information of a self-developed SFRC dynamic test system matching with lnstron 1342 materials testing machine was given, and the experiment principle and the loading mode of cubic split specimen were introduced. During the experiment, 30 cubes of 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm and 36 cubes of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm, designed and prepared according to C20 class SFRC with different volume fractions of steel fiber （0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%） were tested and analyzed. At the same time, the size effect of SFRC at intermediate strain rate was investigated. The experimental study indicates that SFRC size effect is not influenced by the loading speed or strain rate. When the steel fiber content increases from 0 to 4%, the splitting strength of SFRC increases from 100% to 261%, i.e. increasing by 161% compared with that of the common concrete. The loading rate increases from 1.33 kN/s to 80.00 kN/s, and the splitting tensile strength increases by 43.55%.     

二维动静组合加载下岩石破坏的试验研究

为模拟地下深部开采中二维应力状态下矿岩采掘及某些矿柱的稳定性问题，将特制的一维水平静压装置和Instron电液伺服材料试验机组合进行二维动静组合加载下红砂岩破坏的试验，研究当动载固定不变时红砂岩在不同水平静载和不同竖向静载下破坏的基本规律和特征，为深部采矿和矿柱等的稳定性分析提供理论与试验依据。     

岩土参数概率密度函数的正交多项式推断

岩土参数的概率密度函数在岩土工程可靠性的分析中有很重要的作用。文章基于数值逼近原理，直接根据试验样本矩，运用勒让德正交多项式来拟合岩土随机参数的概率密度函数。并且用X^2法进行检验，根据有限比较法确定其中的最佳分布概型，在理论上证明该方法的正确性和实用性。通过算例表明，所得到的逼近表达式有很好的拟舍性能，数值计算稳定，可以满足岩土工程可靠性分析的要求。     

动静组合加载下岩石破坏的应变能密度准则及突变理论分析

阐述了岩石在动静组合载荷作用下使用应变能密度定义破坏准则的适用性。分析认为，岩石破坏的应变能密度的临界值与岩石破坏之前的不可逆变形过程和外界条件有关，而不可逆变形过程主要是由于岩石的非弹性变形、损伤和其他内部耗散机制引起的，且反映静水胜力的体积变形能在某些应力状态条件下的岩石破坏中是不能忽略的。提出用机械模型来反映动静组合加载下岩石单元体弹性的劣化和非弹性变形的产生以及加载速率的影响，并以机械模型为基础，求出受一维静载岩石在动载作用下破坏应变能密度的临界值。同时，根据静力预加载结构的冲击屈曲突变模型，建立了静加载岩石系统的冲击破坏模型，进一步分析了动静组合加载下岩石的破坏。最后，采用低周疲劳加载方法在Instron电液饲服摔制材料试验机卜进行了红砂岩中心变率下的动静组合加载破坏试验，对应变能密度准则和突变理论模型进行了验证。结果表明，理论模型与试验结果有较好的一致性。     

岩石力学参数概率分布的信息熵推断

基于信息论的最大熵原理，直接用牛顿迭代法，由样本矩来推断岩石力学参数的概率密度函数，并且用精度较高的K-S检验法，从理论上证明所求的密度函数的正确性。算例表明，该方法避免了复杂的数值计算，可以满足岩石工程随机可靠性分析的要求。直接根据试验样本信息和统计方法推断，而不是先假定成经典的理论概率分布，具有更充分的数学和物理意义。由于概率分布采用指数形式而不是幂函数系多项式，避免了计算中的震荡等不稳定现象。     

矿山三维模型在滑坡体稳定性分析中的应用

滑坡是常见地质灾害之一,其形成原因可以是自然的,也可以是人为的,或者是综合性的.因此,滑坡体的形成机制相当复杂,寻求可靠、有效的滑坡体理论计算与数值模拟分析方法是许多学者努力研究的方向.随着现代科学技术,尤其是先进的计算机数字建模技术的发展与进步,三维矿山模型的建立成为可能,为滑坡体稳定性分析与计算提供了一种新的途径.模型的建立以从各种渠道所获取的基础数据为前提,可以将研究对象的基本组成及其结构构造三维可视化,并赋予各组成部分关于几何形状、尺寸、空间分布要素(走向、倾向和倾角)以及物理力学性能方面的参数.将三维模型上任意截取的计算剖面与传统的极限平衡计算法结合起来,可轻松获得该计算剖面坡体稳定安全系数;将三维模型和功能强大的有限元分析软件结合起来,则可实现滑坡体的三维稳定性分析与计算.结合河南灵宝罗山矿区的滑坡体稳定性分析与治理课题,介绍了以MapGIS,AutoCAD及Surpac软件为主要工具的矿山三维建模的基本原理和步骤,获得部分关键计算剖面的稳定安全系数,为滑坡体的稳定性分析研究及其综合治理提供了依据.     

混凝土缝端微裂缝区数学模型的研究

本文首先对一些最重要的混凝土断裂的数学模型进行了综合评价，然后，在此基础上，提出了一个新的混凝土缝端微裂缝区数学模型，研究表明，新模型具有良好的工程实用价值。