Na对Fe-Zn催化剂结构及CO2加氢制烯烃的影响

二氧化碳加氢制备烯烃是实现二氧化碳转化的有效途径之一,二氧化碳先后通过逆水煤气反应和费托合成反应生成高附加值产品。铁基催化剂具有很好的逆水煤气以及费托合成活性,然而CO₂加氢制备烯烃过程中存在多种副反应,导致烯烃选择性较低。如何提高铁基催化剂性能成为工业化的重要问题。通过定量浸渍法制备一系列不同Na含量的Fe-Zn催化剂,采用稳态反应速率测定、原位X射线光电子能谱(In-situ XPS)、原位X射线衍射(In-situ XRD)以及原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱(In-situ DRIFTS)技术,探究碱金属Na对铁基催化剂结构及CO₂加氢直接合成烯烃活性的影响。研究发现：在Fe-Zn催化剂CO还原过程与CO₂加氢反应过程中,碱金属Na的引入导致Fe₃O₄含量降低,Fe₅C₂含量提高,表明碱金属Na有利于Fe₅C₂生成,同时XPS结果表明Na与Fe₅C₂     

FEM地层元素测井仪可靠性及应用效果评价

柴达木盆地复杂碳酸盐岩、致密混积岩等储层并存,常规测井方法难以进行有效的储层评价。FEM地层元素测井可测量地层中常见元素,并提供较为准确的地层矿物成分和储层物性等参数。介绍了FEM地层元素测井仪特征及其数据处理方法,对其在不同条件下的稳定性和一致性进行了大量的测井及实验验证,认为该仪器可靠性较高。在实际应用中,有效地解决了英西地区复杂碳酸盐岩有效储层划分、有效孔隙度计算及储层分类的难点和扎哈泉地区致密油储层岩性、物性、源岩特性及可压裂性的问题。实践表明,FEM地层元素测井基本满足各类复杂储层评价的需求,但仍有一定的局限与不足。     

OPTIMIZING LAYOUT OF URBAN STREET CANYON USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION COUPLING WITH MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION

1. INTRODUCTION Vehicular emissions have become one of thmain sources of urban atmospheric pollution in Chinwith the development of the urban construction andthe increase in the number of vehicles. There are lots of factors influencing the transport and dispersion of vehicular exhausted pollutants and further influencing the local air quality, among which the gas dynamical effect due to the mechanical turbulence from huge buildings and street canyons is especially remarkable. Previous stu…     

规避编程过程中的不确定性——一种新的适用于通识课程的教学方法（英文）

针对非计算机专业学生数学和计算机编程薄弱的问题,介绍一个让学生快速掌握决策结构(If-else/If语句)的教学方法。文章演示如何在CSC115这一门通识课中应用该方法,帮助这些基础不够的学生跨越学习过程中的种种不同的疑惑,从而迅速提升学生识习判断语句后的编程技巧。和其他方法(诸如传统的积累方法)不同,该方法更注重循序渐进地对关键技术点进行讲解,以期这些学生能在现有的技术技能基础上理解和执行。这样,学生的学习更加有效和快速。     

Linked multicontinuum and crack tensor approach for modeling of coupled geomechanics, fluid flow and transport in fractured rock

In this paper, we present a linked multicontinuum and crack tensor approach for modeling of coupled geomechanics, fluid flow, and solute transport in fractured rock. We used the crack tensor approach to calculate effective block-scale properties, including anisotropic permeability and elastic tensors, as well as multicontinuum properties relevant to fracture-matrix interactions and matrix diffusion. In the modeling, we considered stress dependent properties, through stress-induced changes in fracture apertures, to update permeability and elastic tensors. We evaluated the effectiveness and accuracy of our multicon-tinuum approach by comparing our modeling results with that of three independent discrete fracture network (DFN) models. In two of the three alternative DFN models, solute transport was simulated by particle tracking, an approach very different from the standard solute transport used in our multicon-tinuum modeling. We compared the results for flow and solute transport through a 20 m × 20 m model domain of fractured rock, including detailed comparison of total flow rate, its distribution, and solute breakthrough curves. In our modeling, we divided the 20 m × 20 m model domain into regular blocks, or continuum elements. We selected a model discretization of 40 × 40 elements (having a side length of 0.5 m) that resulted in a fluid-flow rate equivalent to that of the DFN models. Our simulation results were in reasonably good agreement with the alternative DFN models, for both advective dominated transport (under high hydraulic gradient) and matrix-diffusion retarded transport (under low hydraulic gradient). However, we found pronounced numerical dispersion when using larger grid blocks, a problem that could be remediated by the use of a finer numerical grid resolution, while maintaining a larger grid for evaluation of equivalent properties, i.e. a property grid overlapping the numerical grid. Finally, we encountered some difficulties in using our approach when element sizes were so small that only one or a few fractures intersect an element-this is an area of possible improvement that will be pursued in future research.     

高碱溶液对高庙子膨润土侵蚀作用的研究

采用NaOH溶液模拟高放射性核废物处置库中可能产生的高碱性孔隙水,对初始干密度为1.70 g/cm³的高庙子（GMZ）膨润土试样进行渗透侵蚀试验,借助扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对侵蚀后试样的表观特性进行观察分析,对碱溶液侵蚀对膨润土试样膨胀性、渗透性、孔隙比和化学成分的影响规律进行解释,以研究碱性孔隙水侵蚀对膨润土性能影响的微观机理。结果表明,GMZ膨润土主要成分蒙脱石呈层片状结构,蒙脱石水化会在其表面形成羽翼状的胶体,会堵塞试样的孔隙;高碱性溶液的侵蚀会造成膨润土水化产生的羽翼状胶体溶解和膨润土结构的不可逆性破坏,并且破坏程度与碱溶液的浓度成正相关关系;经高碱性溶液侵蚀的膨润土试样,其表面有明显的溶蚀痕迹,说明碱溶液的入渗侵蚀会造成膨润土有效成分蒙脱石的溶解,试验结果与X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果吻合。因此,碱性孔隙水的入渗侵蚀会逐渐溶解膨润土中的蒙脱石,破坏了膨润土的结构,增大了膨润土的孔隙率,进而降低了膨润土的膨胀性,提高了膨润土的长期渗透性,最终造成膨润土的封闭和缓冲性能降低。     

Genomic and metabolomic analysis of Bacillus licheniformis with enhanced poly-γ-glutamic acid production through atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis

Poly-γ-glutamic acid is an extracellular polymeric substance with various applications owing to its valuable properties of biodegradability, flocculating activity, water solubility, and nontoxicity. However, the ability of natural strains to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid is low. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma was applied in this study to conduct mutation breeding of Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC 2876, and a mutant strain M32 with an 11% increase in poly-γ-glutamic acid was obtained. Genome resequencing analysis identified 7 nonsynonymous mutations of ppsC encoding lipopeptide synthetase associated with poly-γ-glutamic acid metabolic pathways. From molecular docking, more binding sites and higher binding energy were speculated between the mutated plipastatin synthase subunit C and glutamate, which might contribute to the higher poly-γ-glutamic acid production. Moreover, the metabolic mechanism analysis revealed that the upregulated amino acids of M32 provided substrates for glutamate and promoted the conversion between L- and D-glutamate acids. In addition, the glycolytic pathway is enhanced, leading to a better capacity for using glucose. The maximum poly-γ-glutamic acid yield of 14.08 g·L^–1 was finally reached with 30 g·L^–1 glutamate.     

3D printed labyrinth multiresonant composite metastructure for broadband and strong microwave absorption

Microwave absorbers(MAs) with broadband and strong microwave absorption capacities are urgently required to meet the demands of complex electromagnetic(EM) environments. Herein, a novel labyrinth multiresonant metastructure composed of a polyether-ether-ketone/flaky carbonyl iron(PEEK/CIP) magnetic composite was proposed and fabricated via 3D printing technology. A complex multiresonant cavity design was introduced, and the resonant loss area was significantly improved. Both broadband and high-e...     

Wear Resistance of CO2 Corrosion Product Scale Formed at High Temperature

 To investigate the correlation between structure characteristics and wear resistance of CO2 corrosion product scales at high temperature and high pressure, an autoclave was used to prepare CO2 corrosion product scales on N80 steel in carbon dioxide corrosion environment. The correlation between wear resistance of the scales and many other factors, such as temperature, pressure, morphology, structure, velocity of fluid medium, sand grain size, and so on, was comparatively analyzed by a self assembled wear device, and the scale morphologies before or after being worn were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). And then the surface grain size and thickness of scale were measured. The results showed that the cross section of the corrosion scale was of a double layer structure, the outer layer of which was composed of regular crystals, whereas the inner layer was a thin scale of fine grains. The outer grain size and thickness of scale varied with temperature, and the initial wear loss was consistent with the surface grain size; at the same time, the total wear loss corresponded to the thickness of scale. Compared to wear resistance in different depths of the scale, it was found that the structure of scale was a double layer structure in cross section, and the wear resistance of inner layer was better than that of the outer layer; the closer the scale to the matrix, the greater was the wear resistance of scale; and the larger the size or the higher the rotary speed of solid grain in multiphase flowing medium, the more was the wear loss of scale.     

病毒防火墙的包过滤选用

作为一种主动防病毒技术,以包过滤技术为核心的病毒防火墙在目前受到了更多的关注.病毒防火墙的包过滤技术对病毒拦截效率至关重要.对目前软件病毒防火墙的几种主要包过滤技术的特点和优劣进行了分析,最后提出了目前情况下的软件病毒防火墙包过滤技术的选用原则和方案.