The HLD Study of Surfactant Partitioning for Oilfield Corrosion Inhibitors

The partitioning of corrosion inhibitor (CI) products is a measure of their potential to protect oilfield pipelines. In this paper the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) model is first used to quantify their partitioning in terms of the characteristic curvature (C _c,act) of a series of anionic (alkoxylated phosphate esters) and cationic (alkoxylated amines, aromatic amines, imidazoline acetates and quaternary amines) actives. This parameter is expressed over a range of pHs within which pipeline corrosion occurs. The HLD model is next used to predict the partitioning of each active from water into toluene at increased salinities. Linear mixing rules are lastly used to predict the characteristic curvature of Product A (C _c,mix) as a function of the C _c,act of a subset of actives.     

What We Might Expect From Changes in the Nation's Capital

With the coming changes in Washington, with Republicans controlling the White House and both houses of Congress, one might expect drastic changes in federal energy and environmental policy. Given the president-elect's campaign rhetoric, voters were led to believe change would be swift and impactful.     

Benzophenone vs. Copper/Benzophenone in Light‐Promoted Atom Transfer Radical Additions (ATRAs): Highly Effective Iodoperfluoroalkylation of Alkenes/Alkynes and Mechanistic Studies

Iodoperfluooralkylation of terminal alkenes and alkynes is effectively photo‐promoted by benzophenone 2 (BP) or the photoreducible copper(II) complex 1 . In particular, BP at 1 mol% in methanol upon 365 nm irradiation with a low‐pressure mercury lamp (type TLC=thin layer chromatography, 6 W) results in a fast reaction with excellent reaction yields. Complex 1 and BP 2 exhibited very similar reactivity, suggesting that the reactions involving 1 are likely to be governed by the benzophenone photoactivation processes, rather than copper(I)/(II) redox processes. Mechanistic investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that a deactivation pathway of the benzophenone triplet (³BP*) is via its reaction with the methanol solvent. We propose that the generated radicals, in particular ^.CH₂OH, play a key role in the initiation step forming R_f^. by reacting with R_fI, R_f^. then entering a radical chain cycle. ¹H NMR studies provided evidence that a substantial amount (∼7% NMR yield) of the hemiacetal CH₃OCH₂OH is formed, i.e., the possible by‐product of the reaction between ^.CH₂OH and R_fI. Finally, DFT calculations indicate that a triplet‐triplet energy transfer (TTET) process from ³BP* to perfluorooctyl iodide (C₈F₁₇I) is unlikely or should be rather slow under the reaction conditions, consistent with the transient absorption studies.

     

Embracing and Using Anger in Mediation

In Part 1 last month, Master Mediator columnist Bob Creo analyzed the physical and psychological effects of anger and illustrated how it affects human interaction. This month, he applies neutral's skills to address and use anger in the mediation setting after examining the potential role of confirmation bias in building up anger.     

A Brief Stroll on the Roundabout of Authenticity,Confidentiality & Impartiality

Editor's note: Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a Pittsburgh arbitrator and mediator, has been revisiting his catalog of CPR Institute website columns, originated a decade ago, in a Back to Basics Alternatives series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” These updated and expanded columns are in print for the first time, building on new concepts and knowledge. He has revisited a wide spectrum of mediation room behaviors and practices.     

Active Monitoring of Thermal Insulation Protection Status of Pipelines

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - The article discusses the temperature regimes of transit pipelines for steam and hot water movement. A new device for thermal insulation of high-temperature...     

Correlation of Vibroacoustic Signal with Ceramic Component Wear During Frictional Interaction with a Steel Disc

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - Complete correlation between dimensions of the wear area on specimens made of oxide-carbide ceramics and the root-mean-square value of vibration acceleration...     

Obtaining and Studying Films of Tungsten,Titanium and Their Oxides

Glass Physics and Chemistry - The initial polycrystalline films of tungsten and titanium, whose surface has predominantly ultrananodispersed morphology and a thickness of 50 to 100 nm, are obtained...     

An Effective Approach on Attaining Enhanced Silicon Solar Cell Performance Through Sputter Deposited Perovskite Thin Films

Silicon - Antireflection coatings (ARCs) have become one of the key techniques for mass production of Si solar cells. They are generally performed by vacuum processes such as thermal evaporation,...