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11.
Nazih Ouwayed Abdel Bela?d 《International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition》2012,15(4):297-314
The multi-orientation occurs frequently in ancient handwritten documents, where the writers try to update a document by adding some annotations in the margins. Due to the margin narrowness, this gives rise to lines in different directions and orientations. Document recognition needs to find the lines everywhere they are written whatever their orientation. This is why we propose in this paper a new approach allowing us to extract the multi-oriented lines in scanned documents. Because of the multi-orientation of lines and their dispersion in the page, we use an image meshing allowing us to progressively and locally determine the lines. Once the meshing is established, the orientation is determined using the Wigner–Ville distribution on the projection histogram profile. This local orientation is then enlarged to limit the orientation in the neighborhood. Afterward, the text lines are extracted locally in each zone basing on the follow-up of the orientation lines and the proximity of connected components. Finally, the connected components that overlap and touch in adjacent lines are separated. The morphology analysis of the terminal letters of Arabic words is here considered. The proposed approach has been experimented on 100 documents reaching an accuracy of about 98.6%. 相似文献
12.
Prof. Dr. S. Darwish Dr. M. W. Khalil Dr. M. A. Abdel Rahim Porf. Dr. I. A. Ammar 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》1989,20(9):299-308
A study on the value metal character of Zr in 0.1 M solutions of H2SO4, HNO3, and H3PO4 has been performed using the anode potential as the primary variable in galvanostatic, potentiostatic, and capacity measurements. A method of surface pre-treatment, which suppresses both O2 evolution and metal dissolution, has been described. Kinetic parameters of oxide growth have been calculated. The results indicate that:
- (i) the high field approximation is applicable following an exponential law, and
- (ii) the height and activation distance of the energy barrier for ion transport through the oxide phase (Verwey model) are the same three acids.
13.
A 2-D five-noded finite element which contains a singularity is developed. The new element is compatible with cubic standard isoparametric elements. The main advantage of using cubic isoparametric elements over quadratic elements is to reduce the number of elements required to model a structure for results of comparable accuracy. The element is tested on two different examples. In the first example, an edge crack problem is analyzed using two different meshes. The second example is a crack perpendicular to the interface problem which is solved for two different specific composites. The results obtained using the proposed element are compared with those obtained using other existing elements in the literature. Those comparisons demonstrate the superiority of the present technique in using less number of elements and nodes to produce accurate results. 相似文献
14.
Haitham Badi Sabah Hasan Hussein Sameem Abdul Kareem 《Neural computing & applications》2014,25(3-4):733-741
The main objective of this study is to explore the utility of a neural network-based approach in hand gesture recognition. The proposed system presents two recognition algorithms to recognize a set of six specific static hand gestures, namely open, close, cut, paste, maximize, and minimize. The hand gesture image is passed through three stages: preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. In the first method, the hand contour is used as a feature that treats scaling and translation of problems (in some cases). However, the complex moment algorithm is used to describe the hand gesture and to treat the rotation problem in addition to scaling and translation. The back-propagation learning algorithm is employed in the multilayer neural network classifier. The second method proposed in this article achieves better recognition rate than the first method. 相似文献
15.
Miscible polymer blends based on various ratios of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared in film form by the solution casting technique using benzene as a common solvent. The thermal decomposition behavior of these blends and their individual homopolymers before and after γ‐irradiation at various doses (50–250 kGy) was investigated. The thermogravimetric analysis technique was utilized to determine the temperatures at which the maximum value of the rate of reaction (Tmax) occurs and the kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition. The rate of reaction curves of the individual homopolymers or their blends before or after γ‐ irradiation displayed similar trends in which the Tmax corresponding to all polymers was found to exist in the same position but with different values. These findings and the visual observations of the blend solutions and the transparency of the films gave support to the complete miscibility of these blends. Three transitions were observed along the reaction rate versus temperature curves; the first was around 100–200°C with no defined Tmax, which may arise from the evaporation of the solvent. The second Tmax was in the 340–380°C range, which depended on the polymer blend and the γ‐irradiation condition. A third transition was seen in the rate of reaction curves only for pure PVAc and its blends with PMMA with ratios up to 50%, regardless of γ‐ irradiation. We concluded that γ‐irradiation improved the thermal stability of PVAc/PMMA blends, even though the PMMA polymer was degradable by γ irradiation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1773–1780, 2006 相似文献
16.
We studied the effect of urease inhibitors on the urea hydrolysis in some Sundanese soils belonging to the orders of Vertisol and Entisol. The hydrolysis showed a lag period of about 3 days and its rate (Y) per unit time (t) could be described by a two constants exponential equation of the general form Y = K1tK
2. Statistical analysis showed that the intercept K1 (rate of urea hydrolysis) was significantly affected by soil type rather than treatment. It seems that K1 is associated with the soils' initial urease activity as it closely correlates with the Michaelis constant (km).The gradient, K2, being significantly affected by soil type as well as treatment is probably associated with the induced urease activity with time and it, therefore, varied with variations in soils and treatments. Of the so-called urease inhibitors used in this study Ca(OH)2, p-benzoquinone (PBQ) and orthophosphoric acid (OP) only PBQ reduced urea hydrolysis while the other chemicals have effects possibly related to modifying the soil pH. Inhibitor treated soils had substantial amounts of unacounted for N which was believed to be present, presumably, in the form of carbamate.Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat, Sudan. 相似文献
17.
Mahmoud A.‐Halim Abdel‐Goad 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,91(4):2543-2547
In efforts to contribute to community development, particularly in the context of Egyptian communities, waste plastics materials were successfully recycled without the difficult task of separation and reused to economically produce new structural material. Recycling was performed by mixing molten waste plastics with sand to produce these new materials. Samples with different percentages of plastics and different particle sizes of sand were used in the process. Materials showed acceptable density and high compressive strength, which was shown to be at a maximum with contents of about 30–40% waste plastic. Furthermore, certain types of sand having different colors were used to produce attractive materials, suitable for decorative uses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2543–2547, 2004 相似文献
18.
Polypropylene/poly(methyl acrylate)‐grafted glass wool (PMA‐g‐GW) mixes were prepared. The polymerization process was carried out using potassium persulfate (PPS) and PPS/acetone sodium bisulfite (ASBS) as a redox‐pair initiation system at 60 and 70°C. The effect of using PPS or PPS/ASBS on the grafting percent and conversion percent reveals that the conversion percent values on using PPS as an initiator are higher than those of PPS/ASBS, while in the case of grafting, the inverse is true, that is, using PPS as an initiator gives grafting percent values lower than those that can be obtained using PPS/ASBS. The dielectric properties, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of PP loaded with modified glass wool as a function of different types and concentrations of initiators—used in the grafting polymerization process, namely, PPS and the redox initiating system—were also studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 723–732, 2003 相似文献
19.
Preparation of anodes for oxygen evolution in seawater electrolysis was carried out. Manganese-molybdenum double oxides, Mn1−xMoxO2+x, prepared by anodic deposition from MnSO4-Na2MoO4 solutions showed the 100% oxygen evolution efficiency at a current density of 1000 A m−2 in 0.5 M NaCl at 30 °C and pH 12, but an increase in solution temperature resulted in dissolution of the oxides as molybdate and permanganate ions. In order to increase the stability of the electrodes at higher temperatures the addition of iron to the manganese-molybdenum oxides was performed by anodic deposition in MnSO4-Na2MoO4-FeNH4(SO4)2 solutions. The electrodes thus prepared showed the 100% oxygen evolution efficiency at 1000 A m−2 in 0.5 M NaCl at 30-90 °C, when proper amounts of molybdenum and iron were contained. The iron addition also enhanced the oxygen evolution efficiency. The electrodes were not composed of oxide mixtures but triple oxides, Mn1−x−yMoxFeyO2+x−0.5y, consisting of Mn4+, Mo6+ and Fe3+. The formation of the triple oxides seemed responsible for enhancement of both oxygen evolution efficiency and stability. 相似文献
20.
Ahmed H. Ashour Naeem M. El‐Sawy Mahmoud A. Abdel Ghaffar Gamil A. El‐Shobaky 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2005,97(3):867-871
Grafted copolymer of poly(tetrafluoroethylene ethylene) (ET) with acrylic acid (AAc) was prepared by direct radiation method. The obtained films were modified by treating with small amounts of Co2+ and K+ ions (1.0 wt %). The effects of such treatment on the thermal stability and electrical conductivity of these films were studied. Cobalt treatment did not much affect the thermal degradation of the films. The results obtained revealed that k+ treatment enhanced the thermal degradation of ET‐g‐PAAc, which started 273 K lower than that observed in the case of the untreated and Co2+‐treated films. Potassium and cobalt treatment of the investigated films increased their electrical conductivity (σ) and decreased the activation energy ΔEσ. The increase in σ values was, however, more pronounced in the case of K+‐treated film. These results were discussed in terms of the effective increase in the hydrophilicity of the films, especially those treated with potassium. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 867–871, 2005 相似文献