Historical perspectives of neonatal transport

A personalized view of the growth and development of neonatal transport is presented. The public display of premature infants in France and Germany and the beginning of the transport incubators in Chicago are explained. How the policy of regionalization was developed and diluted during the readjustment phase is discussed.     

Vascular 5-HT1-like receptors mediating vasoconstriction and vasodilatation: their characterization and distribution in the intact canine cardiovascular system

1. In anaesthetized dogs, intra-left atrial administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and selected tryptamine analogues (5-carboxamidotryptamine, 5-CT; 5-methyl tryptamine, 5-MT; alpha-methyl 5-hydroxytryptamine, alpha-HT; sumatriptan, Sum) in the presence of ketanserin and MDL72222 (5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, respectively), produced dose-related changes in carotid, coronary and renal vascular conductance mediated by vascular 5-HT1-like receptors. 2. In the carotid vascular bed, 5-HT, 5-MT, alpha-HT and Sum were vasoconstrictors with a rank order of potency (comparing ED50 values) of 5-HT = Sum > 5-MT > alpha-HT. By contrast in this vascular bed, 5-CT was a potent vasodilator. 3. In the coronary vascular bed, 5-HT, 5-CT, 5-MT and alpha-HT were vasodilators with a rank order of potency (comparing ED50 values) of 5-CT > 5-HT > 5-MT > alpha-HT. In this vascular bed, Sum was without effect. 4. In the renal vascular bed, 5-HT, 5-CT, 5-MT, alpha-HT and Sum were vasoconstrictors with a rank order of potency (comparing ED50 values) of 5-CT > 5-HT > Sum > 5-MT > alpha-HT. 5. The coronary (and carotid) vasodilator responses to 5-CT were antagonized by the 5-HT1-like receptor antagonists, spiperone (1 mg kg-1) and methiothepin (0.1 mg kg-1), whereas the renal vasoconstrictor responses to this tryptamine analogue were antagonized only by methiothepin. 6. It is concluded from these studies that agonist finger-printing in vivo, using tryptamine analogues,identifies and confirms the functional presence of at least two pharmacologically distinct subtypes of the 5-HT1-like receptor in the intact canine cardiovascular system. These two subtypes are located on the vascular smooth muscle and mediate direct vasoconstriction and vasodilatation responses in vivo.7. In addition, these studies confirm that the distribution of these subtypes within the major vascular beds, shows a marked heterogeneity. The carotid vascular responses to the tryptamine analogue sindicate the presence of both the vasodilator and the vasoconstrictor subtypes. The coronary vascular responses to these analogues are, however, consistent with presence of the vasodilator subtype, only. By contrast, the renal vascular responses to these analogues indicates only the presence of the vasoconstrictor subtype.     

Preparation of pure methyl esters by counter double current distribution

Counter double current distribution with continuous stills for solvent and product recovery and an acetonitrile-hexane solvent system is a convenient method for preparative isolation of individual fatty methyl esters. Preparations of pure methyl linoleate from safflower esters and a methyl arachidonate concentrate from hog liver lipids are described. Presented at AOCS Meeting, Houston, April 1965. No. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

The optical properties of GexSe1−x thin films

Physically robust Ge_xSe_1?x thin films which are transparent in the wavelength range 1.5 to more than 15.0 μ and whose refractive index can be varied from 2.4 to 3.1 by varying x from 0.35 to 0.5 have been grown using conventional evaporation techniques. These films have great potential for the development of damage-resistant multilayers for high power infrared laser applications.     

Double bond analysis of dienoic fatty acids in mixtures

Mixtures of dienoic fatty acids such as occur in edible hydrogenated fat products cannot be analyzed by current methodology. A method of ozonization, reduction to alcohol fragments by sodium borohydride, gas chromatographic analysis for alcohol, alcohol ester, and internal dialcohol fragments, and computer resolution of a matrix of linear simultaneous equations, is described that gives the analysis of the diene isomers.     

Effect of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator on Stability of a Weak Grid

In this paper, we illustrate the effect of adding a hypothetical 100-MW doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power plant to a weak transmission system. The effects of various wind plant load factors (100, 60 and 25% of nameplate rating) are investigated. System performance is compared to a 100-MW conventional synchronous generator interconnected at the same location. The conventional generator is installed some distance away. The simulations demonstrated that DFIG generators provide a good damping performance under these conditions. These results support the conclusion that modern wind power plants, equipped with power electronics and low-voltage ride-through capability, can be interconnected to weak power grids without reducing stability. To conduct the studies, we selected an area of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council power system that is electrically far from major generation centers and is weakly connected to the bulk transmission system. The area contains large motor loads. We observed the dynamic response of large motors in the vicinity, especially their ability to ride through fault events. The studies were conducted using positive sequence phasor time-domain analysis     

Cathodic reduction and alkylation of quinoline in liquid ammonia

Alternative electrode kinetic methods have been used to study the rates of the coupling reaction between the quinoline radical anion and alkyl halides at ?40°. The rate of the dimerisation reaction of the radical anions has been determined using 0.5 M potassium bromide as the electrolyte. The behaviour of the radical anions in a tetraethylammonium salt electrolyte has been investigated and protonation by the cation is shown to occur.     

Rigidity in the retarded: A further test of the Lewin-Kounin formulation.

Groups of younger and older familial retardates from 2 institutions and a group of normals were compared on 3 of Kounin's measures of rigidity. The general findings were inconsistent with the Lewin-Kounin rigidity formulation and the results reported by Kounin. The differences obtained between the groups investigated here are discussed in terms of a number of cognitive and motivational factors which have been advanced to explain differences in performance between normals and retardates of the same MA. (30 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Modelling instream nitrogen variability in the Dee catchment, NE Scotland

The Integrated Nitrogen in CAtchments model (INCA) was applied to the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, NE Scotland. To a first approximation the model was able to simulate the annual mean streamwater NO3-N concentrations observed along the length of the main channel. This provided the basis for using INCA to subsequently explore the effects of N deposition and land use management on streamwater NO3-N concentrations and loads. On an annual timescale, the model predictions suggest that NO3-N concentrations will decrease by 5% following a 20% reduction in fertiliser application. Furthermore, model results also suggest that a 50% increase in N deposition will cause a 15% increase in the streamwater NO3-N concentrations. The utility of INCA as a tool for catchment management is discussed, current limitations are highlighted and possible improvements are suggested.     

Chlorination of model drinking water biofilm: implications for growth and organic carbon removal

The influence of chlorine on biofilm in low organic carbon environments typical of drinking water or industrial process water was examined by comparing biomass and kinetic parameters for biofilm growth in a chlorinated reactor to those in a non-chlorinated control. Mixed-population heterotrophic biofilms were developed in rotating annular reactors under low concentration, carbon-limited conditions (< 2 mg/L as carbon) using three substrate groups (amino acids, carbohydrates and humic substances). Reactors were operated in parallel under identical conditions with the exception that chlorine was added to one reactor at a dose sufficient to maintain a free chlorine residual of 0.09-0.15 mg/L in the effluent. The presence of free chlorine resulted in development of less biofilm biomass compared to the control for all substrates investigated. However, specific growth and organic carbon removal rates were on the average five times greater for chlorinated biofilm compared to the control. Observed yield values were less for chlorinated biofilm. Although chlorinated biofilm's specific organic carbon removal rate was high, the low observed yield indicated organic carbon was being utilized for purposes other than creating new cell biomass. The impacts of free chlorine on mixed-population biofilms in low-nutrient environments were different depending upon the available substrate. Biofilms grown using amino acids exhibited the least difference between control and chlorinated kinetic parameters; biofilm grown using carbohydrates had the greatest differences. These findings are particularly relevant to the fundamental kinetic parameters used in models of biofilm growth in piping systems that distribute chlorinated, low-carbon-concentration water.