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181.
In the new emerging markets of flat panel display, photovoltaic and optical coating applications, the introduction of cylindrical rotating magnetron technology can accommodate the needs for faster, better and cheaper coating processes. Recent developments of hardware (compact end blocks, etc.) and target materials for rotatable magnetron technology offer a total solution to the innovative thin film applications. 相似文献
182.
Raw and processed mushroom samples including wild grown (chanterelles and king bolete) and cultivated samples (white and brown button, portabella, shiitake, oyster) were bought from the food market and analysed for sterols and vitamin D2 contents. The different commercial mushrooms selected are abundant in almost every Swedish and European supermarket or outdoor market. Ergosterol was the most abundant sterol found in mushrooms present in somewhat higher concentrations in cultivated mushrooms (4.0-5.0 mg/g dry matter (d.m.)) than those found in wild mushrooms (1.7-3.5 mg/g d.m.). In addition, three closely related minor sterols, including ergosta-7,22-dienol, ergosta-5,7-dienol, and ergosta-7-enol were identified. Chanterelles and king bolete were found to be good sources of vitamin D2 (0.7-2.2 μg/g d.m.) compared with cultivated mushrooms that had a low content (< 0.1 μg/g d.m.). Canned samples of Agaricus bisporus/white were slightly lower in ergosterol and vitamin D2 compared to fresh samples. Irradiation with UV light in the A region (366 nm) only slightly affected ergosterol and vitamin D2 content. In contrast, irradiation with UV light conducted in the C region (254 nm, 0-2 h, 20 cm distance) for fresh white button mushrooms and freeze-dried chanterelles resulted in nonsignificant decrease in ergosterol content, whereas vitamin D2 increased up to 9-fold (Cantharellus tubaeformis) and 14-fold (A. bisporus/white), respectively. 相似文献
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Theresa Eder Anja Weber Hannes Neuwirt Georg Grünbacher Christian Ploner Helmut Klocker Natalie Sampson Iris E. Eder 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
Androgen receptor (AR) targeting remains the gold standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa); however, treatment resistance remains a major clinical problem. To study the therapeutic effects of clinically used anti-androgens we characterized herein a tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model whereby PCa cells were cultured alone or with PCa-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Notably, the ratio of PCa cells to CAFs significantly increased in time in favor of the tumor cells within the spheroids strongly mimicking PCa in vivo. Despite this loss of CAFs, the stromal cells, which were not sensitive to androgen and even stimulated by the anti-androgens, significantly influenced the sensitivity of PCa cells to androgen and to the anti-androgens bicalutamide and enzalutamide. In particular, DuCaP cells lost sensitivity to enzalutamide when co-cultured with CAFs. In LAPC4/CAF and LNCaP/CAF co-culture spheroids the impact of the CAFs was less pronounced. In addition, 3D spheroids exhibited a significant increase in E-cadherin and substantial expression of vimentin in co-culture spheroids, whereas AR levels remained unchanged or even decreased. In LNCaP/CAF spheroids we further found increased Akt signaling that could be inhibited by the phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, thereby overcoming the anti-androgen resistance of the spheroids. Our data show that CAFs influence drug response of PCa cells with varying impact and further suggest this spheroid model is a valuable in vitro drug testing tool. 相似文献
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Anja Henss Marcus Rohnke Thaqif El Khassawna Parameswari Govindarajan Gudrun Schlewitz Christian Heiss Juergen Janek 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2013,10(86)
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a well-established technique in material sciences but has not yet been widely explored for implementation in life sciences. Here, we demonstrate the applicability and advantages of ToF-SIMS analysis for the study of minerals and biomolecules in osseous tissue. The locally resolved analysis of fragment ions deriving from the sample surface enables imaging and differentiation of bone tissue and facilitates histology on non-stained cross sections. In a rat model, bilateral ovariectomy combined with either a multi-deficiency diet or steroid treatment was carried out to create osteoporotic conditions. We focused our study on the Ca content of the mineralized tissue and monitored its decline. Calcium mass images of cross sections show the progressive degenerative changes in the bone. We observed a decreased Ca concentration in the edge region of the trabeculae and a decline in the Ca/P ratio. Additionally, we focused on the non-mineralized matrix and identified fragment ions that are characteristic for the collagen matrix. We observed trabeculae with wide ranges of non-mineralized collagen for the diet group owing to an impaired mineralization process. Here, the advantage of coeval monitoring of collagen and minerals indicated an osteomalacic model rather than an osteoporotic one. 相似文献
188.
Robert Gaschler Jutta Mata Viola S. Störmer Anja Kühnel Merim Bilalić 《Food quality and preference》2010,21(1):140-147
The amount of information on food packages (e.g., environment- and health-related) has increased in Europe and other regions in recent years. It is therefore important to understand to what extent this information attracts the attention of and is processed by consumers, considering characteristics of the product information as well as person-specific variables such as age. In two studies we tested whether the change detection task is a useful paradigm for studying how individuals attend to and process recently introduced formats and contents of food labels. In the change detection tasks presented here, 133 participants were shown two photographs of a food package that differed in one label and were asked to identify as quickly as possible which information was constantly changing. We found systematic differences in change detection times for different types of product label content and format, representing the amount of attention habitually paid to the specific labels. Interestingly, the detection times for each label did not correlate with participants’ self-report measures of how much attention they give to this specific label during typical grocery shopping. In both studies we also found a positive correlation between age and time needed to detect change in label format and content, but only for labels that were introduced on packages in recent years (such as the ‘organic’ label) not on longer established information (such as the ‘best-before’ date). 相似文献
189.
Anja Drews Helmut Prieske Eva-Lena Meyer Gerrit Senger Matthias Kraume 《Desalination》2010,250(3):1083-197
In various membrane applications air scour is applied to minimise fouling and to remove cake layers. Optimisation of module design and operating conditions (e.g., geometry and aeration intensity) requires knowledge of the most suited hydrodynamic conditions for the filtration task. However, many fundamentals of this multiphase flow in membrane modules are still unknown and difficult to access experimentally. Using experimental and numerical investigations it was shown that air sparging can have advantageous but also detrimental effects: depending on membrane plate spacing, wall shear can decrease with bubble size. Additionally, particle classification or segregation which increases the cake’s hydraulic resistance must be taken into account. Based on such findings, it will be possible to derive optimum bubble sizes, membrane spacing, aeration intensities and start-up strategies. 相似文献
190.
Amer Avdić Guido Kuenne Anja Ketelheun Amsini Sadiki Suad Jakirlić Johannes Janicka 《Computing and Visualization in Science》2013,16(2):77-88
Current trend in design and operation of industrial gas turbines or internal combustion engines implies using the lean-fuel and stratified conditions aiming at the reduction of the harmful emissions and efficiency improvement. This has led to an increasing use of computational methodology, which allows detailed insight into combustion physics and processes controlling the emission formation. In the present work, the Darmstadt stratified burner is investigated by means of Large Eddy Simulation, implemented into the in-house, finite-volume-based numerical code FASTEST. The code solves the incompressible, variable-density Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the species transport equations. It is parallelized via domain decomposition technique using message passing interface (MPI). The complex chemical mechanisms are described by tabulated detailed chemistry utilizing the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) approach combined with the Artificially Thickened Flame model (ATF). The results obtained are comparatively assessed along with the complementary measurements. In-depth analysis of the flow field is conducted based on numerical simulations. Further studies have been carried out with respect to grid resolution and scalability. 相似文献