Automation of image categorization with most relevant negatives

Image categorization requires the algorithm to be learned in order to obtain the efficient categorization. The algorithm used for image categorization may misclassify images that are visually similar to the positive ones. Generally, sampling negatives is done at random. In this paper, we have improved Negative Bootstrap in an efficient way to obtain most relevant negatives. To obtain most misclassified visually similar images in a faster way, fast intersection kernel SVM is generalized and used for classification. The accuracy of classified visual concepts is obtained by using the performance metrics. Several different metrics have been used to show the accuracy of relevant negatives. Manual labeling of negatives could be avoided by using the efficient negative bootstrap algorithm.     

Giant Temperature Coefficient of Resistance in Carbon Nanotube/Phase‐Change Polymer Nanocomposites

The temperature coefficient of resistance of a carbon nanotube nanocomposite with the non‐conductive phase‐change hydrogel Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) is studied. This nanocomposite is found to achieve the largest reported temperature coefficient of resistance, ≈?10%/°C, observed in carbon nanotube‐polymer nanocomposites to date. The giant temperature coefficients of resistance results from a volume‐phase‐transition that is induced by the humidity present in the surrounding atmosphere and that enhances the temperature dependence of the resistivity via direct changes in the tunneling resistance that electrons experience in moving between nearby carbon nanotubes. The bolometric photoresponses of this new material are also studied. The nanocomposite's enhanced responses to temperature and humidity give it great potential for sensor applications and uncooled infrared detection.     

Reply to Discussion on “A generalized three-dimensional failure criterion for rock masses”

General:Jaiswal and Shrivastva(2012)proposed the mathematical formulations,i.e.the J–S criterion for converting generalized H-B failure criterion into 3D smooth convex failure criterion at deviatoric plane.The J–S strength criterion is in two versions:uniform and variable extension ratio.It has been observed from the analysis that at uniform extension ratio,the required strength parameters are only UCS and m(other parameters such as Ls,a,b and c are related with m).In the case of variable extension ratio,extra parameter f is required along with UCS and m.Thus,it has minimal strength parameters compared to You strength criterion.Furthermore,You strength criterion does not obey the smooth convex condition at deviatoric plane.     

Reactivity of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Saturated and Unsaturated Heterocyclic Compounds

Strain in the ring engenders versatile reactivity that can be utilized for the synthesis of complex molecules by the assimilation of suitable substituents. In this context, vicinal donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) serve as three-carbon synthetic equivalents in organic synthesis from the last few decades. Owing to their zwitterionic nature, they have been frequently utilized in [3+n]-annulation reactions with different dipolarophiles like aldehydes, imines, oximes, epoxides, aziridines, etc. This review highlights developed synthetic tools for annulation reactions of vicinal donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with saturated and unsaturated heterocyclic compounds.     

Dielectric relaxation and thermodynamic properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone using time domain reflectometry

Temperature‐dependent values of dielectric permittivity ε′ and dielectric loss ε″ of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, commercialized as PVP K‐60) solution of average molecular weight 160 000 g mol^?1 were measured. The measurements were carried out in the frequency range 10 MHz to 20 GHz using time domain reflectometry at temperatures from 25 to 0 °C. The dielectric spectra can be described by the Davidson‐Cole model. Dielectric parameters such as the static dielectric constant ε₀, the high frequency limiting dielectric constant ε_∞, the relaxation time τ₀ and the distribution parameter β and thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy of activation ΔF_τ, the enthalpy of activation ΔH_τ and the entropy of activation ΔS_τ were determined. The average free energy of activation was found to be in the range 12.55–14.65 KJ mol^?1 and the enthalpy of activation was found to be 6.86 KJ mol^?1. Entropies of activation were found to be positive at all the measured temperature values and these large positive values of entropies reveal a less ordered structure of the PVP solution. The Kirkwood correlation factor g and the dipole moment µ were also determined for PVP solution. The results were compared with the results of the PVP‐water system studied previously. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fuzzy AHP Based Multi Crteria Decision Support for Watershed Prioritization

Water Resources Management - The article presents an efficient multi-criteria decision support model (MCDSM) to prioritize susceptible areas in a watershed for soil conservation measures based on...     

Greener aviation with virtual sensors: a case study

The environmental impact of aviation is enormous given the fact that in the US alone there are nearly 6 million flights per year of commercial aircraft. This situation has driven numerous policy and procedural measures to help develop environmentally friendly technologies which are safe and affordable and reduce the environmental impact of aviation. However, many of these technologies require significant initial investment in newer aircraft fleets and modifications to existing regulations which are both long and costly enterprises. We propose to use an anomaly detection method based on Virtual Sensors to help detect overconsumption of fuel in aircraft which relies only on the data recorded during flight of most existing commercial aircraft, thus significantly reducing the cost and complexity of implementing this method. The Virtual Sensors developed here are ensemble-learning regression models for detecting the overconsumption of fuel based on instantaneous measurements of the aircraft state. This approach requires no additional information about standard operating procedures or other encoded domain knowledge. We present experimental results on three data sets and compare five different Virtual Sensors algorithms. The first two data sets are publicly available and consist of a simulated data set from a flight simulator and a real-world turbine disk. We show the ability to detect anomalies with high accuracy on these data sets. These sets contain seeded faults, meaning that they have been deliberately injected into the system. The second data set is from real-world fleet of 84 jet aircraft where we show the ability to detect fuel overconsumption which can have a significant environmental and economic impact. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind in the aviation domain.