The aims of the present study were to determine biochemical properties of honey samples and to discriminate pure and adulterated honey produced by the standard bee feeding method (control honey), the shaking method (pure blossom honey), and overfeeding (100 kg/colony syrup) with sucrose syrup (adulterated honey). The biochemical properties evaluated were moisture, ash, acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), specific sugars (i.e. fructose, glucose, fructose–glucose, sucrose, and maltose), diastase activity, δ13C value (honey), δ13C value (protein), electrical conductivity, potassium, vitamin C, and proline. Fifteen honey samples were analyzed by discriminant analysis stepwise method. Proline, electrical conductivity and sucrose were found as discriminative characters of samples. Based on these three properties 100% of original group cases (samples) correctly classified in their real group. We found that the honey produced by feeding with 100 kg sucrose syrup per colony contained the sucrose as low as pure blossom honey. Therefore, the sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose) content of honey cannot be used to distinguish between adulterated (sucrose syrup) and pure blossom honey. 相似文献
We develop a methodology for the analysis of a finite buffer tandem manufacturing system where the machines follow N-policy. We model the system using open queuing networks. The throughput of the system is calculated using decomposition, isolation and expansion methodologies. The methodology is tested rigorously by using orthogonal arrays to design the experiments. A t-test is used to investigate the differences between the results of the methodology and their corresponding simulation results. The comparison shows that the methodology is robust and remarkably accurate over a wide range of parameters. 相似文献
The objective of this study was to identify the high pressure processing conditions (pressure level, time, and temperature) needed to achieve a 5-log reduction of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Ten strains of V. parahaemolyticus were separately tested for their resistances to high pressure. The two most pressure-resistant strains were then used as a cocktail to represent baro-tolerant environmental strains. To evaluate the effect of temperature on pressure inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio-free oyster meats were inoculated with the cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus and incubated at room temperature (approximately 21 degrees C) for 24 h. Oyster meats were then blended and treated at 250 MPa for 5 min, 300 MPa for 2 min, and 350 MPa for 1 min. Pressure treatments were carried out at -2, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 45 degrees C. Temperatures >/=30 degrees C enhanced pressure inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus. To achieve a 5-log reduction of V. parahaemolyticus in live oysters, pressure treatment needed to be >/=350 MPa for 2 min at temperatures between 1 and 35 degrees C and >/=300 MPa for 2 min at 40 degrees C. 相似文献
The Çeltikçi Coal Basin is a newly discovered coal basin in Central Anatolia where 11 years of open-cut mining has been planned. The bulk of the mining will be conducted below the regional water table; hence, determination of the dewatering requirements and proper design of the dewatering wells plays a critical role. This study (i) defined the dewatering requirements of the open-pit mine, (ii) established a dewatering well design for the area, and (iii) assessed the anticipated impacts of the dewatering activities. For this purpose, a 3-D numerical groundwater flow model was developed using the FEFLOW software. Yearly dewatering requirements were determined under transient conditions. For the dewatering well simulations, two types of dewatering wells were considered: permanent wells located at the open pit boundary that would increase in number as the excavation proceeds and wells located at the periphery of the yearly excavated area that would be operational for about two years. The simulation results indicated that 894 wells were required to satisfy dry working conditions; the average pumping rate throughout the mine life was calculated as 322 L/s. The impacts of open-pit dewatering on groundwater resources were assessed in terms of spring discharge and base flow rates in the nearby Kirmir stream. As a result of dewatering, most of the village water supply springs and fountains will dry up in the area. In addition, the base flow rates to the Kirmir stream will be decreased by 15%.
Cocaine is one of the most widely abused illicit drugs worldwide and has long been recognised as an agent of cardiac dysfunction in numerous cases of drug overdose. Cocaine has previously been shown to up-regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements and morphological changes in numerous tissues; however, previous literature observes such changes primarily in clinical case reports and addiction studies. An investigation into the fundamental cytoskeletal parameters of migration, adhesion and proliferation were studied to determine the cytoskeletal and cytotoxic basis of cocaine in cardiac cells. Treatment of cardiac myocytes with cocaine increased cell migration and adhesion (p < 0.05), with no effect on cell proliferation, except with higher doses eliciting (1–10 μg/mL) its diminution and increase in cell death. Cocaine downregulated phosphorylation of cofilin, decreased expression of adhesion modulators (integrin-β3) and increased expression of ezirin within three hours of 1 μg/mL treatments. These functional responses were associated with changes in cellular morphology, including alterations in membrane stability and a stellate-like phenotype with less compaction between cells. Higher dose treatments of cocaine (5–10 μg/mL) were associated with significant cardiomyocyte cell death (p < 0.05) and loss of cellular architecture. These results highlight the importance of cocaine in mediating cardiomyocyte function and cytotoxicity associated with the possible loss of intercellular contacts required to maintain normal cell viability, with implications for cardiotoxicity relating to hypertrophy and fibrogenesis. 相似文献