Ethical evaluation of hypnosis research: a survey of investigators and their institutional review boards

We surveyed hypnosis researchers and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) with regard to the ethical evaluation of research protocols. Researchers and IRB administrators were independently surveyed within the same institutions. Both objective and free response items were used to address substantive issues such as deception and at-risk populations, as well as practical matters such as paperwork. Parallel questions allowed a point-counterpoint between researchers and IRBs. Overall, the results suggest that IRBs do not treat hypnosis research differently than other types of research. We end with recommendations for facilitating interactions between hypnosis researchers and their IRBs.     

Constrained length minimum inductance gradient coil design

A gradient coil design algorithm capable of controlling the position of the homogeneous region of interest (ROI) with respect to the current-carrying wires is required for many advanced imaging and spectroscopy applications. A modified minimum inductance target field method that allows the placement of a set of constraints on the final current density is presented. This constrained current minimum inductance method is derived in the context of previous target field methods. Complete details are shown and all equations required for implementation of the algorithm are given. The method has been implemented on computer and applied to the design of both a 1:1 aspect ratio (length:diameter) central ROI and a 2:1 aspect ratio edge ROI gradient coil. The 1:1 design demonstrates that a general analytic method can be used to easily obtain very short gradient coil designs for use with specialized magnet systems. The edge gradient design demonstrates that designs that allow imaging of the neck region with a head sized gradient coil can be obtained, as well as other applications requiring edge-of-cylinder regions of uniformity.     

海洋潮差区混凝土表面微生物16S rDNA分子鉴定

针对目前海洋混凝土工程的腐蚀现状,进行了海洋微生物对潮差区混凝土的作用机理及完善海工混凝土的腐蚀机理探索.通过海工混凝土潮差区部位取样,对暴露于潮差区中部22 y的混凝土试样表面进行FE-SEM、EDAX分析,结果表明:潮差区混凝土表面腐蚀严重,结构疏松,表面覆盖有有机物质和微生物.并将暴露于潮差区中部22 y的混凝土试样和该取样位置挂置7 d的混凝土试样表面的微生物群落分别分离,克隆了其中30株和12株细菌的16S rDNA基因,测定其序列且进行比对,其分别属于15个和7个种属中.优势种属均为假交替单胞菌,但随着暴露时间的增加,总细菌株数和总菌属数分别增大到2.5和2.14倍,且种属的变化也很大.同时,建立了海洋混凝土工程表面细菌鉴定方法,以及分离、鉴定的菌种为后续细菌对混凝土作用的试验提供菌种.     

钢纤维混凝土高温后SHPB试验研究

为了研究钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)常温以及经历400和800℃高温后的动态压缩性能,采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,结合应变直测技术对其进行了单轴冲击压缩试验.结果表明:经历400和800℃高温后,未掺钢纤维混凝土的峰值应力分别只有常温时的79.2%和38.9%,弹性模量分别降为常温时的82.8%和56.2%,同时,试件的能量吸收能力大幅度下降;钢纤维混凝土400,800℃对应的峰值应力分别降为常温时的76.8%和39.0%,弹性模量稍有降低,分别为常温的91.8%和82.7%,较基准混凝土有了较大的提高.钢纤维的加入可以增加混凝土的极限应力对应应变,曲线的下降段较为平缓,同时增强了混凝土的能量吸收能力,在20,400和800℃时,分别提高了38.5%,27.5%和25%.     

电化学除氯处理后的混凝土微观结构研究

为了研究电化学除氯对混凝土中离子分布和微观结构的影响规律,采用压汞法、SEM电子显微镜分析等方法对电化学除氯后不同水灰比混凝土试件中钢筋附近和表面层的氯离子和钾钠离子含量、孔隙结构、显微结构进行对比分析.结果显示,电化学除氯后,钢筋附近混凝土与外层混凝土相比,氯离子含量约为1/2,钾离子含量约为5～10倍,钠离子含量约为8～18倍,水化物颗粒间结合不连续、部分水化产物分解.钢筋附近区域混凝土中的氯离子含量明显低于外表层混凝土,钾、钠离子在钢筋阴极附近大量聚集.经过电化学处理后的混凝土试件钢筋附近区域的孔隙率和大孔含量增多,结构疏松;而外表层混凝土结构致密,孔隙细化,水化产物成网络状结合良好.     

Visible light localization algorithm based on multi-measurements constraints

In the indoor visible light transmission environment with complex noise, traditional received signal strength indication(RSSI)localization algorithm and imaging localization algorithm are unable to accurately determine the reason of the inaccurate localization model and inadequate constraints of position coordinates. In order to solve the problems, a visible light localization algorithm based on multi-measurements constraints is presented in the paper. The algorithm first constructs a joint localization state space model based on RSSI localization and the imaging localization algorithm. Then, states, measurements and their equations are constructed based on the space model. Finally, the equations are resolved using the unscented Kalman filter(UKF). Compared with RSSI localization and imaging localization, simulation results show that the RMSE of the proposed algorithm could be closer to the Cramer Rao bound. Besides, the localization probability of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of RSSI localization and imaging localization algorithm.     

硼离子注入对多晶Ni力学性能及微观结构的影响

用能量为50keV,剂量为3×10~(17)ions/cm_2的B~+注入多晶Ni,通过力学性能实验研究了多晶Ni注入前后表面硬度和疲劳性能的变化,以及多晶Ni表面层注入和疲劳前后化学成分、滑移特征、裂纹萌生、断裂方式和微观结构的变化。结果表明,B~+注入多晶Ni后,表面区域形成一个不同组织结构的由Ni-B非晶、Ni_3B和Ni_4B_3第二相以及辐照损伤组成的多层次的注入层,提高了多晶Ni的表面硬度,并使其疲劳极限提高16％。探讨了B~+注入影响多晶Ni疲劳极限的几种可能机制。     

Effect of solid fraction on steel-mushy Cu-graphite pressing bonding

The pressing bonding of steel plate to QTi3.5-3.5graphite slurry was studied. The bonding conditions were 620℃ for preheating temperature of steel plate, 530℃ for preheating temperature of dies, 50 MPa for pressure and 2 min for pressing time. The relationship between the solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5graphite slurry and the interracial mechanical property of bonding plate was obtained. The results show that when the solid fraction of QTi3.5-3.5graphite slurry is smaller than 45.8%, the interracial shear strength of bonding plate increases with the increasing of solid fraction. When the solid fraction is larger than 45.8%, the interracial shear strength decreases with the increasing of solid fraction. When the solid fraction is 45.8%, the largest interracial shear strength of bonding plate 127 MPa can be got, and the interface is made up of Fe-Cu solid solution.     

基于神经网络的FCD絮凝控制系统的研究

神经网络具有很强的自学习和自适应能力,对于大滞后、非线性的复杂系统有较好的控制效果.针对水处理过程中系统环境不断变化,特别是流量有较大、频繁变化的情况下,在FCD絮凝控制系统的基础上,提出了神经网络控制方法.解决了混凝控制中的目标等效直径动态确定问题.实际运行表明,该方法取得了很好的控制效果,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine at part-per-trillion levels in drinking waters and contaminated groundwaters

The carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) may be quantitated routinely at ultratrace (ng/L) levels in drinking water or contaminated groundwater. The aqueous sample is passed through a preconditioned Empore C18 filter disk to remove neutral nonpolar species and then extracted continuously overnight with highest purity dichloromethane. The latter is then concentrated to 1 mL, and a large aliquot (up to 200 microL) is loaded onto a dual-stage carbon sorbent trap, after which the solvent is removed with ultrapure helium. The concentrated residues are then injected onto a gas chromatographic column using a short-path thermal desorber. NDMA is selectively detected using a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND) operated in its nitrosamine-selective mode. The reporting limit for this procedure, evaluated using two independent statistically unbiased protocols, is 2 ng of NDMA/L. A related procedure, employing an automatic sampler instead of the short-path thermal desorber, provides convenient analysis of heavily contaminated samples and exhibits a reporting limit (same protocols cited previously) of 110 ng of NDMA/L. When the two methods are used together in a "two-tiered" protocol, NDMA concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (ng/L to microgram/L levels) may be measured routinely. The low-level procedure employing only the short-path thermal desorber was applied successfully to three sources of drinking water, where NDMA concentrations ranged between 2 and 10 ng of NDMA/L. The two-tiered protocol was applied to a series of contaminated groundwaters whose NMDA concentrations ranged between approximately 10-7000 ng of NDMA/L. The results agreed with those obtained from an independent collaborating laboratory, which used a different analytical procedure.