提高超声波探伤轧辊裂纹深度的准确度的方法

运用正交试验法，找出了超声波探伤轧辊裂纹深度最佳参数组合，提高了超声波探伤的准确度。     

常规X射线探伤机升级改造方法

本文介绍了一种将常规X光探伤机升级改造为数字化实时成像系统的方法。同时提出一些新的图像处理思路和方法，以提高实时成像检测的分辨率和灵敏度。     

神经网络迭代算法在风机振动报警值中的应用

提取旋转机械D350风机转子在一段时间里的水平方向、垂直方向和轴向的振动值,以此为样本值,应用BP神经网络迭代算法进行训练,然后对D350风机的振动报警值进行预测,预测结果表明与实际报警值非常接近。     

石墨表面金属化对铜基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

利用化学镀技术制备镀铜和镀镍石墨粉,采用粉末冶金复压复烧工艺制备铜基石墨自润滑复合材料,测试了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析该复合材料的结构、摩擦磨损性能及机理。结果表明：石墨表面铜、镍镀层改善了石墨和铜合金基体界面结合,摩擦过程中所形成的润滑膜与基体粘附性好,显示出更好的润滑减摩效果,摩擦副摩擦因数由0.24降低到0.20,磨损率降低约50%;实验条件下,6%（质量分数）石墨铜基复合材料经历轻微磨损、中等磨损和严重磨损3个磨损过程;而6%镀铜、镀镍石墨铜基复合材料只经历轻微磨损和中等磨损两个磨损过程。     

偏压类型对磁过滤等离子体制备优质类金刚石膜的影响

采用自行研制的磁过滤等离子体装置在单晶Si基底上制备了优质类金刚石(DLC)薄膜.运用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM)和纳米压痕仪对样品进行了表征和分析,着重研究了衬底偏压类型对制备薄膜的影响.结果表明:在无偏压或周期性负偏压下制备的DLC薄膜的sp3含量比连续负偏压下制备的薄膜的sp3含量要高;同时在周期性偏压下制备的薄膜表面较光滑,其表面粗糙度仅为0.1 nm,sp3含量达到66.8%,相应的纳米硬度也较高(达到80GPa).同时对相应的成膜机理进行了讨论.     

PIV测速技术分析异型坯连铸结晶器流场

通过建立1[∶]1异型坯结晶器物理模型，采用PIV粒子测速技术，研究断面尺寸为767.3 mm×383.1 mm×103.2 mm异型坯结晶器不同工艺参数条件和不同水口结构对结晶器内流场的影响。PIV实验结果表明，减小拉速和增大水口底部内径可以有效地减小冲击深度，结晶器深度860 mm处水口中心最大流股速度分别下降了27.96%和41.46%；增加拉速和减小水口浸入深度可以提高流场下旋涡上顶点位置。通过减小拉速和浸入深度，增大水口底部内径可以改善结晶器内流场。     

含钪Al-Cu合金的显微组织

采用硬度测试、金相观察、扫描电镜和透射电镜测试及能谱分析的方法,研究了稀土元素Sc含量对Al-4Cu合金组织的影响.结果表明:Sc可显著细化Al-Cu合金的网胞组织,减小枝晶间距,细化合金的晶粒组织,提高合金的显微硬度,提高幅度最约70%;将Sc添加到Al-4Cu合金中,当w(Sc)≈0.3%时,Sc除部分固溶于基体外,大部分与Al形成Al3Sc相,其与基体的共格或半共格界面促进了θ′(CuAl2)的析出;当w(Sc)＞0.3%时,Sc除部分固溶和形成Al3Sc外,还与Al、Cu元素作用形成W(AlCuSc)相,降低Cu在α(Al)中的固溶度,减少Al2Cu(θ′)相的生成,从而降低了合金的性能.     

Development of magnesium composite alloy by a new method combining B2O3 addition and melt stirring

For developing high performance magnesium alloys, a new method in combination of B2O3 addition and melt stirring was applied. When 0.3%, 6% and 12%（ mass fraction） B2O3 was added into pure Mg, many twins were produced in each alloy. The average grain size of Mg was about 200 μm. In Mg-6Al alloy, the grain size is decreased from 50 to 35 μm by B2O3 addition. In Mg-6RE （rare earth） alloys, the grain size is decreased from 35 to 15 μm. The grain size of Mg-9Al- 6Ti-3B2O3 alloy is about 5 μm. The hardness of pure Mg does not change by B2O3 addition. In Mg-6Al alloy, the hardness is increased by addition of 3% B2O3, however, the hardness of Mg-6RE alloy is decreased by B2O3 addition. Addition of B2O3 into Mg-Al, Mg-RE and Mg-Al-Ti alloys makes the fine grain structures, the hardness of Mg-RE alloy is decreased. This strange behavior may be interpreted with existence of many fine pores in the alloy. The mechanical properties of composite Mg-9Al-6Ti with 3?O3 are higher than those of AZ91C. The present results demonstrate the potential of this new method for developing high performance magnesium alloys.     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of Near-Isothermally Forged TiAl Alloy Containing Minor Ni

The heat treatment, including two steps, was proposed to obtain Fine Fully Lamellar (FFL) microstructure on TiAl containing minor Ni. The first step was in t (α γ) phn~se region to get Duplex (DP) microstructure, and the second step was in α phase region transforming DP microstructure into FFL microstructure. The effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties was sludied. The results showed that the static recrystallization kinetics in i (α γ) phase region took the form of Avrami equitation, and the remnant lamellae in DP microstructure were detrimental to room temperature tensile properties. The FL microstructures were obtained after heat treatment in α phase region using DP microstructure, the uniform FFL microstructure wns beneficial to comprehensive properties.