The inversion layer of subhalf-micrometer n- and p-channel MOSFET'sin the temperature range 208-403 K

Minority carrier mobility has been extracted from I-V measurements on N- and PMOS-transistors entirely processed by means of X-ray lithography with effective channel lengths down to 0.35 μm. The measurements have been performed within the temperature range 208-403 K (-65°C to +130°C). The accuracy of the mobility determination has been investigated, especially with regard to the determination of the effective channel length and the series resistance. The results indicate a significant mobility reduction for short-channel NMOS devices at temperatures below 300 K. A slight increase of the threshold-voltage is observed in the short-channel region. Both effects can be required by an inhomogeneous lateral doping profile within the channel due to standard submicron technology; this has been confirmed by two-dimensional device simulation     

Bonding of untreated cellulose fibers to natural rubber

Sulfur- and peroxide-cured natural rubbers (NR) reinforced with short fibers of cellulose and carbon black have been studied with respect to water absorption, crosslink density, tensile strength, and the dependence of the dynamic storage modulus on strain amplitude. The results indicate that there is bonding between fiber and matrix even in the absence of a specific bonding system.     

Skin Symptoms among VDT Workers and Electromagnetic Fields - a Case Referent Study

This case referent study is a part of the Office Illness Project in Northern Sweden. From a questionnaire study among 5 986 office workers, 75 VDT workers with self-reported facial skin symptoms and the same number of referents were selected for this study. The environmental electric and magnetic fields in the office as well as electromagnetic fields associated with the VDT at the workplace were measured. The aim of this pan of the project was to explore the role of the measured electromagnetic parameters in relation to skin symptoms. For most of the measured parameters there was no difference between cases and referents. However, more cases than referents were found in the highest exposure group for two of the measured parameters. For the background electric field in the room the relative risk in terms of crude odds ratio (OR) was 3.0 (95% CI: 1.2–7.2) for the high exposed group (≥31 V/m) compared with the lowest group (≤10 V/m). The same comparison for the magnetic field in the ELF-range (≥0.30 μT vs ≤0.145 μT) in front of the VDT gave an OR of 2.7 (95% CI: 1.0–6.9).     

Design of a monomeric human glutathione transferase GSTP1, a structurally stable but catalytically inactive protein

By the introduction of 10 site-specific mutations in the dimerinterface of human glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), astable monomeric protein variant, GSTP1, was obtained. The monomerhad lost the catalytic activity but retained the affinity fora number of electrophilic compounds normally serving as substratesfor GSTP1-1. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra ofthe monomer and wild-type proteins were similar, indicatingthat there are no large structural differences between the subunitsof the respective proteins. The GSTs have potential as targetsfor in vitro evolution and redesign with the aim of developingproteins with novel properties. To this end, a monomeric GSTvariant may have distinct advantages.     

Pedestrian detection: an evaluation of the state of the art

Pedestrian detection is a key problem in computer vision, with several applications that have the potential to positively impact quality of life. In recent years, the number of approaches to detecting pedestrians in monocular images has grown steadily. However, multiple data sets and widely varying evaluation protocols are used, making direct comparisons difficult. To address these shortcomings, we perform an extensive evaluation of the state of the art in a unified framework. We make three primary contributions: 1) We put together a large, well-annotated, and realistic monocular pedestrian detection data set and study the statistics of the size, position, and occlusion patterns of pedestrians in urban scenes, 2) we propose a refined per-frame evaluation methodology that allows us to carry out probing and informative comparisons, including measuring performance in relation to scale and occlusion, and 3) we evaluate the performance of sixteen pretrained state-of-the-art detectors across six data sets. Our study allows us to assess the state of the art and provides a framework for gauging future efforts. Our experiments show that despite significant progress, performance still has much room for improvement. In particular, detection is disappointing at low resolutions and for partially occluded pedestrians.     

Attribute Prototype Network for Any-Shot Learning

International Journal of Computer Vision - Any-shot image classification allows to recognize novel classes with only a few or even zero samples. For the task of zero-shot learning, visual...     

Sex pheromone components of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum

Analysis of female abdominal tips ofAgrotis segetum by means of GC-MS showed the presence of 13 aliphatic acetates and alcohols. (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate was found to be the main component in the extracts at amounts of about 1 ng/female. (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were present to the extent of 49 and 19%, respectively, of the main component. Minor components could be identified as decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, a tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, a hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenol, and (Z)-9-tetradecenol. The presence and biological activity of decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the extracts could be detected by GC-EAD. Tested by EAG (Z)-5-decenyl acetate evoked the highest response among pheromone candidates, followed by (E)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate. Single-cell recordings from 100 male antennal sensilla trichodea revealed receptorcells highly sensitive to (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, (Z)-8-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate as well as (Z)-5-decenol. The (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate receptors were activated significantly also by female extracts. When tested in a tube olfactometer, a blend of decyl, (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate evoked the same male response as did female glands.Tested in the field, this blend was more attractive than virgin females. Other authors previously reported many of the compounds identified in the present study. However, both quantitative and qualitative discrepancies exist among the various investigations, possibly due to the existence of geographical races.Schiff., Lepidoptera: Noctuidae.This study was made within the Swedish project Odour Signals for Control of Pest Insects.     

Benzophenone reduction using sulphur-based additives

Pyrite and γ-Fe₂S₃ are the best of the mineral promotors tried for the CO—H₂O reduction of benzophenone to diphenylmethane. A mixture of ferrous sulphide and sulphur matches the promotional effect of iron pyrite, which implies that sulphur plays a role in the reaction. Both elemental sulphur and hydrogen sulphide are shown to promote CO—H₂O-induced reductions.     

Effects of wind exposure on roof snow loads

This paper presents results from an investigation of the suitability of the exposure coefficient as defined in ISO 4355 “Bases for design of structures—Determination of snow loads on roofs”, based on thorough analyses of weather data from 389 weather stations in Norway for the reference 30-year period 1961–1990. First, the background of the exposure coefficient is examined. Historical field investigations of snow loads on roofs are also evaluated. Next, values for the exposure coefficients in Norway are calculated according to ISO 4355. Finally, possible approaches aiming at improving calculations of wind exposure on roof snow loads are suggested. It is shown that the exposure coefficient as defined in ISO 4355 does not reflect the actual effects of wind exposure on roof snow loads in Norway, the main reasons being oversimplifications in the definition of the coefficient and the extreme variations of the climate in Norway. The definition is based on coarse simplifications of snow transport theories, and must be revised and improved to serve as an applicable tool for calculations of design snow loads on roofs in Norway.