存在飞轮安装偏差与故障的卫星姿态容错控制

基于滑模控制理论提出一种刚体卫星姿态稳定控制方法,实现对反作用飞轮部分失效故障的容错控制,以及对其安装偏差的补偿控制,并从理论上证明了所设计的控制器在有限时间内能够实现对闭环姿态控制系统的几乎全局渐近稳定控制.最后将所设计的控制器应用于某型卫星姿态稳定任务,仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Compositional analysis of biodegradable polyphosphoester copolymers using nmr spectroscopic methods

The chemical composition and quantitative molar ratios among all components of biodegradable polyphosphoester copolymers of DL ‐lactide and ethylphosphate were determined by a comprehensive set of NMR spectroscopic methods. The polyphosphoester copolymers studied were synthesized using condensation polymerization of oligomeric DL ‐lactide prepolymers and ethyl dichlorophosphate. Conclusive identification of the chemical shift patterns of all functional groups in the copolymers required additional NMR methods such as ³¹P‐NMR and two‐dimensional ¹H–¹H COSY NMR, in addition to the synthesis and comparative NMR analysis of model compounds possessing identical phosphoester linkages in the polyphosphoester copolymers. For the polymers synthesized using the bulk polycondensation process, ¹H–¹H COSY NMR analysis revealed the presence of a small amount of side products that were undetected by ¹H‐NMR alone. These side reactions most likely occurred between the pendant ethoxy group of the phosphoesters and the hydrogen chloride gas generated in the bulk polycondensation process. ³¹P‐NMR spectra of the copolymers revealed a consistent triple‐peak pattern characteristic of phosphoesters linked to a racemic mixture of D,L ‐lactides. These results offered new insight into the side reactions occurring in bulk polymerization of polyphosphoesters and provided a powerful tool of characterizing complex biodegradable polymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 4021–4031, 2003     

水热法制备纳米尖晶石型NiFe_2O_4及表征

分别采用水热法、共沉淀法合成了纳米尖晶石型铁氧体—NiFe2O4晶体,对两种方法所合成的样品进行了比较,分析了不同合成方法的优缺点,确定水热法为比较适宜的合成该类复合氧化物的方法,该法合成的NiFe2O4晶体的平均粒径仅为15.9nm,且粒度分布十分均匀。此外,通过对实验结果的测定与分析探讨了影响水热制备的几种可能的因素,确定了水热合成的适宜的沉淀剂为NaOH溶液,水热合成适宜的温度为200℃。     

吉林西部碱尘气溶胶矿物与元素组成和来源研究

碱尘暴是一种特殊的尘暴类型,在全球范围内有着不同程度的分布.本文利用SEM-EDX和ICP对吉林西部两个采样点的碱尘气溶胶进行分析,获得了碱尘气溶胶样品的矿物组成和常量元素组成.结果表明样品矿物成份主要是石英(54.9%)和长石(28.3%),其次为碳酸盐(4.4%)和氯盐(2.7%)碱尘的金属元素以Ca,Na为主,含量排序为Ca,Na,Al,Fe,K,Mg,Ti;吉林西部碱尘气溶胶与普通沙尘气溶胶在矿物组成和元素分布上均有明显差别.大布苏湖碱尘矿物来源于湖盆阶地碎屑沉积物、粉砂粘土碎屑沉积物、湖盆边缘季节性结晶盐.Na元素主要来源于钠长石和食盐;Ca元素来源主要是钙长石、方解石和白云石.     

Residual strength of hybrid-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures

Residual strengths of high-strength concrete (HSC) and hybrid-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete (HFRHSC) after exposure to high temperatures were investigated in the paper. The results showed that normal HSC is prone to spalling after exposure to high temperatures, and its first spalling occurs when the temperature approaches 400 °C. For HSC reinforced by high melting point fibers, the first spalling occurs when the temperature reaches to approximately 800 °C, while there is no spalling during exposing to high temperatures for HSC reinforced by polypropylene (PP) fiber with a low melting point. Mixing high melting point fiber (i.e., carbon or steel fiber) with low melting point fiber (i.e., PP fiber) HSC greatly improves the properties of HSC after exposure to high temperatures.     

邻硝基苯甲醚液相加氢制邻氨基苯甲醚的研究

对邻硝基苯甲醚液相加氢还原制邻氨基苯甲醚的工艺进行了研究。试验结果表明,加氢还原工艺在产品质量、收率及经济效益方面都优于传统还原工艺。     

某坝肩边坡开挖优化设计方案研究

为了研究前坪水库右坝肩边坡在设计方案和优化设计方案开挖下的边坡稳定性分析,采用数值分析和极限平衡法进行研究,首先针对边坡典型剖面进行了数值分析,研究边坡的位移和应力分布规律,然后运用极限平衡法得出边坡的安全系数,两种方法结合不仅可以反映边坡的稳定性和位移场之间的关系,而且可以用工程界所熟悉的安全系数来评价边坡的稳定性。结果表明边坡开挖优化设计方案满足边坡稳定性规范要求,且优化方案减少了开挖量,节省了工程投资,使得工程尽早发挥效益。     

Modelling and optimisation of a transketolase-mediated carbon-carbon bond formation reaction

In this paper, we have integrated process characterisation and reaction kinetic data for a transketolase catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation to build a comprehensive reaction model. Based on the synthesis of erythrulose from β-hydroxypyruvate and glycolaldehyde, the model includes component degradation as a function of time and concentration as well as glycolaldehyde toxicity towards the enzyme. Using the ratio of initial substrate concentration as a process variable, simulations and analysis based on this model allowed process options to be evaluated. The model links bioconversion to upstream fermentation for enzyme production and downstream product purification and this could provide guidelines for process development.     

近红外吸收功能染料的合成

以缩合剂1，5-二苯胺-戊-1，3-二烯盐酸化物与1，3，3，5-四甲基-2-亚甲基吲哚啉为主要原料合成了1，3，3．5，1’，3’，3’，5'-八甲基吲哚三碳菁近红外吸收染料，收率达61．5％，采用熔点测定、元素分析、IR验证了产品的结构。通过电子吸收光谱测得其最大吸收波长为760nm。     

愈创木酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成及加香应用研究

为了提高愈创木酚的稳定性，以乙酰溴-α-D-葡萄糖（Ⅱ）为糖基供体和愈创木酚（I）进行反应，分别尝试银盐法、相转移催化法和离子液体法制备愈创木酚-2, 3, 4, 6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅲ），糖苷（Ⅲ）脱乙酰基得到目标产物愈创木酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅳ）。中间体及产物结构经1HNMR、13CNMR、IR和HRMS确证。考察了糖苷Ⅳ的热稳定性和加香效果。结果表明：三种方法均可得到糖苷（Ⅲ），离子液体法优于相转移催化法及银盐法。离子液体法的反应条件为：1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[bmim]BF4）为催化剂，无水K2CO3为缚酸剂，二氯甲烷为溶剂，n（愈创木酚）: n（乙酰溴-α-D-葡萄糖）=1.0 : 1.0，室温反应 4 h，糖苷Ⅲ的收率为 52.6%。糖苷Ⅲ在甲醇钠/甲醇体系中脱去乙酰基，得到目标糖苷Ⅳ。热重-差示扫描量热（TG-DSC）研究表明糖苷Ⅳ在228℃以下具有较好的热稳定性。将糖苷Ⅳ添加于卷烟中能够改善香气品质。