解读RFID六大关键趋势

回首过去,我们发现在RFID的发展方面,2006年已经成为"一方面与另一方面"的一年.     

A robust bus evacuation model with delayed scenario information

Due to natural or man-made disasters, the evacuation of a whole region or city may become necessary. Apart from private traffic, the emergency services also need to consider transit-dependent evacuees which have to be transported from collection points to secure shelters outside the endangered region with the help of a bus fleet. We consider a simplified version of the arising bus evacuation problem (BEP), which is a vehicle scheduling problem that aims at minimizing the network clearance time, i.e., the time needed until the last person is brought to safety. In this paper, we consider an adjustable robust formulation without recourse for the BEP, the robust bus evacuation problem (RBEP), in which the exact numbers of evacuees are not known in advance. Instead, a set of likely scenarios is known. After some reckoning time, this uncertainty is eliminated and planners are given exact figures. The problem is to decide for each bus, if it is better to send it right away—using uncertain information on the evacuees—or to wait until the the scenario becomes known. We present a mixed-integer linear programming formulation for the RBEP and discuss solution approaches; in particular, we present a tabu search framework for finding heuristic solutions of acceptable quality within short computation time. In computational experiments using both randomly generated instances and the real-world scenario of evacuating the city of Kaiserslautern, Germany, we compare our solution approaches.     

A Laser Time-of-Flight Range Scanner for Robotic Vision

The requirements of three-dimensional scene analysis in support of vision driven robotic manipulation are such that direct range finding capabilities can greatly reduce the computational burden (time and complexity) for reliable determination of the placement and spatial extent of objects in the scene. This paper describes a laser time-of-flight range scanner capable of acquiring a reasonable rangepic of 64 × 64 spatial resolution in 4 s. However, at the current state of development, 100 samples/point are required to achieve a range accuracy of approxi-mately ±? cm, with a scan time of 40 s. Returned signal amplitude de-pendency is also apparent in the range determination, the dynamic range of intensity being considerable. Improved accuracy can be traded for tine. The vision/robotics laboratory environment within which the range scanner operates is briefly touched upon and some preliminary rangepic results presented.     

Manufacturing Bespoke Architecture

At the disposal of today??s architect is an evolving array of interoperable tools and processes that allow the fabrication of design propositions to be increasingly complex, non?Cstandard and adaptive. How are we equipped to deal with such a growing breadth of new potential, and how are the philosophies that underpin this potential being defined? This paper attempts to address what is something of a contemporary dilemma in architecture, as the constraints of industrial standardisation are relaxed. Have the roles of designers and makers changed in a way that we??ve not experienced before, and is a new approach to making architecture emerging?