Simplified high-efficiency silicon cell processing

We developed an emitter diffusion process that yields a near-ideal doping profile with a passivating oxide in a single furnace step. Because this process subjects the material to only one high-temperature thermal excursion, bulk lifetime is better preserved. This is especially true for lower-cost silicon materials containing a high concentration of oxygen or carbon. Using this process, we routinely obtain one-sun cell efficiencies over 19% on float-zone material and over 18% on Czochralski material. Using solar-grade Czochralski material, we have demonstrated record efficiencies of 18.3% at one sun and 20.0% under concentration. Simple processes that yield high-performance diffusion profiles are expected to become increasingly important as manufacturers adopt improved techniques for ohmic contacts.     

The linear homeomorphic saccadic eye movement model--a modification

The objective of this study was the modification of a linear homeomorphic horizontal saccadic eye movement model to a direct programming state-space representation through Laplace variable analysis about the operating point or initial eye position. The lateral and medial rectus muscle of each eye is modeled as a parallel combination of an active state tension generator with a viscosity and elastic element, connected to a series elastic element. The eyeball is modeled as a sphere connected to a viscosity and elastic element. Each of these elements is assumed to be ideal and linear.     

The therapeutic frame revisited: A contemporary perspective.

Argues that since it was first proposed, the therapeutic "frame" has been widely adopted in a relatively unquestioned manner despite major modifications in clinical theory and practice. A reexamination of the frame from a contemporary perspective is presented. While traditional conceptions of the frame emphasize its function for the client, it is argued that this structure also serves a crucial purpose for the therapist. By minimizing the opportunity for self-indulgence (e.g., by fostering abstinence, anonymity, and neutrality), the frame enables the clinician to maintain a therapeutic stance and to create an environment that fosters comprehension of the client. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of atmospheres containing 5–20% oxygen with and without 10% carbon dioxide on the productivity of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and T. confusum Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

T. castaneum (Herbst) adults were exposed to atmospheres reduced in oxygen content with and without 10% carbon dioxide for 27 days. The egg production declined with the oxygen tension but in oxygen concentrations of 10, 7.5 and 5% was about 60% higher in the presence of 10% carbon dioxide than in its absence. However, 10% carbon dioxide did not enhance productivity when oxygen comprised 20% of the atmosphere and oviposition in T. castaneum and T. confusum Du Val was then similar to that in air. Egg hatch was unaffected at 10% oxygen with or without carbon dioxide but was seriously impaired when only 5% oxygen was present. No significant adult mortality occurred in any of the gas mixtures and in all cases normal fecundity was quickly regained at the end of the experimental period.     

Assessment of frequency of self-reinforcement.

Two experiments with 400 undergraduates supported the hypothesis that a low frequency of self-reinforcement is a generalized response pattern measurable by a self-report questionnaire. Preliminary reliability and validity data for the questionnaire are reported, and clinical and research applications of the questionnaire are offered. The role of dysfunctional self-reinforcement in some forms of depression is discussed. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cheek cell fatty acids as indicators of dietary lipids in humans

Analysis of cheek cell lipids has been suggested as a noninvasive method for monitoring the fatty acid composition of diets in humans. In a pilot study conducted to determine the validity of the method, cheek cell samples were collected from subjects consuming a low fat (20% of calories) diet consisting of fatty acids with either a 1.0 or 0.3 P/S ratio. Neither total lipid nor polar lipid fatty acids in cheek cells consistently reflected the P/S ratio of the diets. However, there were trends, particularly in the nonpolar lipids, suggesting that cheek cell fatty acid ratios might be useful for monitoring the fatty acid composition of the diets. The diet with the higher P/S ratio (1.0 vs 0.3) consistently resulted in cheek cell lipids with lower ratios of 18∶1/saturated fatty acids and greater 18∶2/20∶4, 18∶2/18∶1 and 18∶2/18∶0 fatty acid ratios.     

A reassessment of self-disclosure patterns among Anglo-Americans and Hispanics.

Analyzed the Self-Disclosure Questionnaire responses of 155 Anglo-American and 119 Hispanic undergraduates according to overall frequency of reported self-disclosure, preferred topics (whether about taste, attitude, body, personality, or money) and preferred targets (whether to mother, father, male friend, female friend, or spouse). Examiner ethnicity and gender were systematically varied so that the interaction with S gender and ethnicity could be determined. Results reveal that females reported significantly more disclosure than males. Anglo-Americans indicated more disclosure than Hispanics, and disclosure among Hispanic males was particularly low. However, Hispanics reported high self-disclosure under some conditions. Specifically, Hispanic females reported high self-disclosure to female administrators, and Hispanic males reported significantly high self-disclosure with Hispanic female administrators. Ethnicity was not a significant factor in determining preferred topic and target of self-disclosure. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Metabolic assessment of human liver transplants from biopsy samples at the donor and recipient stages using high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy

This work presents the first application of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy to human liver biopsy samples, allowing a determination of their metabolic profiles before removal from donors, during cold perfusion, and after implantation into recipients. The assignment of peaks observed in the 1H HR-MAS NMR spectra was aided by the use of two-dimensional J-resolved, TOCSY and 1H-13C HMQC spectra. The spectra were dominated by resonances from triglycerides, phospholipids, and glycogen and from a variety of small molecules including glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glucose, lactate, creatine, acetate, amino acids, and nucleoside-related compounds such as uridine and adenosine. In agreement with histological data obtained on the same biopsies, two of the six livers were found to contain high amounts of triglycerides by NMR spectroscopy, which also indicated that these tissues contained a higher degree of unsaturated lipids and a lower proportion of phospholipids and low molecular weight compounds. Additionally, proton T2 relaxation times indicated two populations of lipids, a higher mobility triglyceride fraction and a lower mobility phospholipid fraction, the proportions of which changed according to the degree of fat content. GPC was found to decrease from the pretransplant to the posttransplant biopsy of all livers except for one with a histologically confirmed high lipid content, and this might represent a biomarker of liver function posttransplantation. NMR signals produced by the liver preservation solution were clearly detected in the cold perfusion stage biopsies of all livers but remained in the posttransplant spectra of only the two livers with a high lipid content and were prominent mainly in the graft that later developed primary graft dysfunction. This study has shown biochemical differences between livers used for transplants that can be related to the degree and type of lipid composition. This technology might therefore provide a novel screening approach for donor organ quality and a means to assess function in the recipient after transplantation.     

Evaluation of the orthogonal projection on latent structure model limitations caused by chemical shift variability and improved visualization of biomarker changes in 1H NMR spectroscopic metabonomic studies

In general, applications of metabonomics using biofluid NMR spectroscopic analysis for probing abnormal biochemical profiles in disease or due to toxicity have all relied on the use of chemometric techniques for sample classification. However, the well-known variability of some chemical shifts in 1H NMR spectra of biofluids due to environmental differences such as pH variation, when coupled with the large number of variables in such spectra, has led to the situation where it is necessary to reduce the size of the spectra or to attempt to align the shifting peaks, to get more robust and interpretable chemometric models. Here, a new approach that avoids this problem is demonstrated and shows that, moreover, inclusion of variable peak position data can be beneficial and can lead to useful biochemical information. The interpretation of chemometric models using combined back-scaled loading plots and variable weights demonstrates that this peak position variation can be handled successfully and also often provides additional information on the physicochemical variations in metabonomic data sets.