己二酸二乙酯合成新工艺的研究

本文以离子交换树脂作为液固相酯化反应的催化剂 ,甲苯作为带水剂 ,合成己二酸二乙酯。应用本法 ,酯化反应产率高达 78%。同时对影响产率的诸因素进行了考察 ,其最佳反应条件为 :酸醇摩尔比 1∶4 ,催化剂用量为酸质量的 2 5 % ,反应时间为 10小时 ,反应温度 86～ 87℃ ,催化剂重复使用 4次 ,未出现活性明显下降 ,此工艺操作简单 ,反应条件温和 ,产率高 ,具有显著的工业应用价值。     

Novel aspects of the microstructure of PP/PA blends prepared by reactive compounding as studied by microhardness

The microhardness of injection-moulded i-polypropylene/polyamide (iPP/PA) blends prepared by reactive compounding was determined. The formulation rules and processing technology for the preparation of these alloys was reported previously. iPP/PA compositions between 100/0 and 50/50 using functionalized PP with various degrees of mainchain grafting, were investigated. It is shown that the deviation of microhardness from the additivity law of the single components is mainly due to a decrease in the crystallinity of the iPP phase. The results are discussed in the light of the microstructural variations as revealed by X-ray diffraction methods.     

(Nb,Ti)C的制备方法对(Nb,Ti)C-35Ni金属陶瓷的微观结构及性能的影响

用自蔓燃高温合成（SHS）技术及电弧熔融法制备的（Nb，Ti）C固溶体作基体，制备（Nb，Ti）C－35Ni金属陶瓷。结果表明用电弧熔融法制备的（Nb，Ti）C为基的试样具较优的室温力学性能（σ＝1630MPa，KIC＝18．0MPa），其陶瓷颗粒均匀分行粘结相之中并是包裹结构；而用SHS法制备的（Nb，Ti）C为基的试样其力学性能相对较差，其陶瓷颗粒无包裹结构．     

新一代开放式自动抄表系统平台

本文提出了建立新一代的开放式自动抄表平台的思想,并着重介绍了构建平台的基本原则、技术要求和设计方式。     

Lactic acid production from dining‐hall food waste by Lactobacillus plantarum using response surface methodology

BACKGROUND: Food waste generally has a high starch content and is rich in nutritional compounds, including lipids and proteins. It therefore represents a potential renewable resource. In this study, dining‐hall food waste was used as a substrate for lactic acid production, and response surface methodology was employed to optimise the fermentation conditions. RESULTS: Lactic acid biosynthesis was significantly affected by the interaction of protease and temperature. Protease, temperature and CaCO₃ had significant linear effects on lactic acid production, while α‐amylase and yeast extract had insignificant effects. The optimal conditions were found to be an α‐amylase activity of 13.86 U g^?1 dried food waste, a protease activity of 2.12 U g^?1 dried food waste, a temperature of 29.31 °C and a CaCO₃ concentration of 62.67 g L^?1, which resulted in a maximum lactic acid concentration of 98.51 g L^?1 (88.75% yield). An increase in inoculum size would be appropriate for accelerating the depletion of initial soluble carbohydrate to enhance the efficiency of α‐amylase in dining‐hall food waste fermentation. CONCLUSION: A suitable regression model for lactic acid production was developed based on the experimental results. Dining‐hall food waste was found to be a good substrate for lactic acid fermentation with high product yield and without nutrient supplementation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A disposable sensor based on immobilization of acetylcholinesterase to multiwall carbon nanotube modified screen-printed electrode for determination of carbaryl

A simple method has been devised for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) covalent bonding to a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)-cross-linked cellulose acetate composite on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and a sensitive and disposable amperometric sensor for rapid determination of carbaryl pesticide is proposed. The immobilized enzyme was preserved on this film because of the excellent biocompatibility and non-toxicity of cellulose acetate. Based on the inherent conductive properties of the MWNT, the immobilized AChE had greater affinity for ATCl and excellent catalytic effect in the hydrolysis of ATCl. MWNT improved the interface enzymatic hydrolysis reaction and increased the amperometric response of the sensor. Under optimum conditions, the inhibition of carbaryl on AChE increased linearly with the increasing concentration of carbaryl in two ranges, from 0.01 to 0.5 μg mL⁻¹ and from 2 to 20 μg mL⁻¹, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9985 and 0.9977, respectively. The detection limit was 0.004 μg mL⁻¹ taken as the concentration equivalent to 10% decrease in signal. The sensor showed acceptable stability, accuracy and could be fabricated in batches, thus it is economic and portable. This type of disposable enzyme-based amperometric sensor has extensive application potential in environmental monitoring of pesticides.