Molecular simulation for adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbon in zeolites

Equilibrium and isosteric heat of adsorption for the system of chloroform and USY-type zeolite were studied. The USY-type zeolite (PQ Co., SiO₂/Al₂O₃=70) was used both as a pure crystalline powder and as granulated particles with binder. Chloroform was reagent grade. The adsorption equilibria were measured using a gravimetric method and were expressed as isotherms. A chromatographic method (i.e. pulse response of chloroform through the USY column with helium carrier) was used to get the initial slope of the isotherms. In the simulation, the GCMC method was used to calculate amounts adsorbed for various conditions. FF parameters were confidently applied. And modified structure model was effective for simulation. This paper was presented at The 5th International Symposium on Separation Technology-Korea and Japan held at Seoul between August 19 and 21, 1999.     

Orange to green switching anthraquinone-based electrochromic material

An easily accessible anthraquinone-benzodithiophene-based high bandgap polymer (PTAq) was synthesized by Stille coupling reactions in remarkably high yield (96.5%). The highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of the polymer was estimated from the onset of oxidation in a cyclic voltammetry study to be −5.7 eV. PTAq showed an orange-to-green color switching with the application of a 1.0-V external potential to the polymer film, which was visible to the naked eye. The optical behavior change was also monitored using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and revealed a respectable 75% transmittance change when the polymer film was subjected to a 1.0-V external potential. The high color contrast observed makes PTAq one of the most promising materials for electrochromic device applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47729.     

Suspension concentration profiles during rapid gravity filter backwashing

Rapid gravity, granular media filters are widely used in the water and wastewater treatment industries. Regular backwashing to clean the filters is a vital part of their efficient operation. Experimental data on the development of suspension concentration profiles through laboratory scale filter beds during the backwash process were obtained. Previous attempts to obtain and record backwash profiles of this type have been unsuccessful due to the limited range of existing turbidimeters. The results have been used to validate a new model developed by the authors.     

Thermochemical stability of the Y2O3–SiO2 system

A thermodynamic study was carried out in order to quantify the stability of yttrium silicates under different atmospheres (argon, air, moisture), and to predict their behaviour as an EBC. For this purpose, the partial pressures of gaseous species formed during the reactive vaporization in equilibrium with yttrium silicates were evaluated and compared to those over each oxide taken separately. The partial pressures of silicon and rare earth hydroxides at the equilibrium over rare earth silicates are lower than those over each single oxide. Thus yttrium silicates appear to be sufficiently stable to be promising materials to be used as environmental barrier coatings.     

Effect of particle tethering and Scale‐Up on solid–liquid mass transfer in Three‐Phase fluidized beds of light particles

Solid–liquid mass transfer in three‐phase fluidized beds with low‐density particles was studied using a tethered benzoic acid particle dissolution technique. Two columns with air, water and polypropylene cylinders were used for experiments. The solid–liquid mass transfer coefficient was found to increase with column diameter but decrease with tether length. The effect of tethering on solid particle movements was also evaluated using radioactive particle tracking (RPT) technique. RPT showed that tethered particles exhibited slower movements. Statistical analysis suggests that tether lengths 3 times the column radius are sufficient to reduce the effects of tethering.     

Hemi- and Homozygous Loss-of-Function Mutations in DSG2 (Desmoglein-2) Cause Recessive Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy with an Early Onset

About 50% of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) carry a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation in the desmosomal genes. However, there is a significant number of patients without positive familial anamnesis. Therefore, the molecular reasons for ACM in these patients are frequently unknown and a genetic contribution might be underestimated. Here, we used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach and in addition single nucleotide polymor-phism (SNP) arrays for the genetic analysis of two independent index patients without familial medical history. Of note, this genetic strategy revealed a homozygous splice site mutation (DSG2–c.378+1G>T) in the first patient and a nonsense mutation (DSG2–p.L772X) in combination with a large deletion in DSG2 in the second one. In conclusion, a recessive inheritance pattern is likely for both cases, which might contribute to the hidden medical history in both families. This is the first report about these novel loss-of-function mutations in DSG2 that have not been previously identi-fied. Therefore, we suggest performing deep genetic analyses using NGS in combination with SNP arrays also for ACM index patients without obvious familial medical history. In the future, this finding might has relevance for the genetic counseling of similar cases.     

The mineral composition of apples. Calcium concentration and bitter pit in relation to mean mass per apple

Data for bulked samples of ungraded Cox's Orange Pippin fruit obtained from many sources over a period of 18 years show that there is a general inverse relationship between mean mass per apple and mean calcium concentration. Part of the scatter around the regression curve was accounted for by differences between years but there were larger differences between samples of the same size picked from different orchards in the same year. Even with the most favourable conditions the observed samples with mean mass per apple greater than 150 g had less than 5 mg Ca/100 g when no calcium sprays were applied and in general most samples with mean masses per apple greater than 110g were likely to have concentrations of calcium below this and hence were liable to develop bitter pit. Fruit calcium level was a more important determinant of liability to bitter pit than was mean mass per apple. Although there was some evidence of the same relationship between calcium concentration and mass when apples from the same tree were analysed individually other factors often negated it. Two- to three-fold differences in calcium concentration were observed in individual apples from the same tree.     

New carbon composite adsorbents for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions: Kinetic,equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies

New carbon composite materials were prepared by pyrolysis of mixture of coffee wastes and red mud at 700 °C with the inorganic: organic ratios of 1.9 (CC-1.9) and 2.2 (CC-2.2). These adsorbents were used to remove reactive orange 16 (RO-16) and reactive red 120 (RR-120) textile dyes from aqueous solution. The CC-1.9 and CC-2.2 materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves, scanning electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The kinetic of adsorption data was fitted by general order kinetic model. A three-parameter isotherm model, Liu isotherm model, gave the best fit of the equilibrium data (298 to 323 K). The maximum amounts of dyes removed at 323 K were 144.8 (CC-1.9) and 139.5 mg g^?1 (CC-2.2) for RO-16 dye and 95.76 (CC-1.9) and 93.80 mg g^?1 (CC-2.2) for RR-120 dye. Two simulated dyehouse effluents were used to investigate the application of the adsorbents for effluent treatment.     

Octanethiol coating of nano-sized copper powders using the vapor self-assembled monolayer method

Recent research has focused on preventing copper oxidation for direct wiring applications. In this study, a novel coating method was developed for nano-sized copper powders using vapor self-assembled monolayer (VSAM). The surfaces of oxidized and non-oxidized copper powders were studied to determine whether they can be coated with a vapor form of octanethiol. It was found that non-oxidized copper powders were successfully coated with the vapor form of octanethiol according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. However, due to the partial coating of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a copper surface, a very small amount of copper oxide was detected when the coating mechanism was verified using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Overall, the vapor form of octanethiol successfully adhered to the surface of nanosized copper powders, constituting the novel method of preventing oxidation. A complete coating method for the nano-sized copper powders must be developed in future research.