An inventory analysis of rural pollution loads in China.

Rural pollution has attracted increasing attention over the past decade for its important consequences on surface and groundwater quality. This is particularly so in China due to the wide and effective control of industrial and municipal wastewater discharges over the past decade. Based on the discussion of rural activities in China, this paper develops a new method of inventory analysis through the definition of elementary unit (EU). This inventory analysis approach is then applied to estimate the total rural pollution loads of COD, TN and TP, as well as their spatial distributions in China. Further analysis is also conducted to investigate the correlations between rural pollution loads and agricultural production outputs, as well as population. It is found that China's agriculture is developing largely at the cost of environment quality, and a high population, as well as the increasing demand for agricultural products, is one of the dominant driving forces. The constructed EKC, which describes the relationship between rural pollution loads and agricultural income, also reveals that current agricultural development in China is mostly far from de-locked from the environmental problem.     

基于射频技术的无刷同步电机励磁电流的检测

无刷同步电机的励磁系统对励磁电流的测量是制约该励磁方式发展的一大障碍。设计了一个射频系统可以用来解决同步电机的励磁电流的测量问题。该系统可以方便地检测到同步电机励磁机的整流二极管的工作状态并且可以动态地显示励磁电流，极大地方便了运行人员做出判断，而且结构简单、方便实用。     

A model for semiconductor quantum dot molecule based on the current spin density functional theory

Based on the current spin density functional theory, a theoretical model of three vertically aligned semiconductor quantum dots is proposed and numerically studied. This quantum dot molecule (QDM) model is treated with realistic hard-wall confinement potential and external magnetic field in three-dimensional setting. Using the effective-mass approximation with band nonparabolicity, the many-body Hamiltonian results in a cubic eigenvalue problem from a finite difference discretization. A self-consistent algorithm for solving the Schrödinger-Poisson system by using the Jacobi-Davidson method and GMRES is given to illustrate the Kohn-Sham orbitals and energies of six electrons in the molecule with some magnetic fields. It is shown that the six electrons residing in the central dot at zero magnetic field can be changed to such that each dot contains two electrons with some feasible magnetic field. The Förster-Dexter resonant energy transfer may therefore be generated by two individual QDMs. This may motivate a new paradigm of Fermionic qubits for quantum computing in solid-state systems.     

Inhibition of microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat food stored at ambient temperature by modified atmosphere packaging

This study was undertaken to develop a modified atmosphere package to control microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) products stored at ambient temperature. Ethanol and/or limonene associated with modified atmosphere (CO₂ : O₂ : N₂ = 30% : 5% : 65%) was used to inhibit the growth of total air‐borne microorganisms and Escherichia coli in RTE products stored at 25°C. The results indicated that 0.05% ethanol vapour in the headspace was effective to inhibit the growth of air‐borne microorganisms and E. coli at 25°C for 72 h in a model study, and the effectiveness was related to ethanol content. Both 73 ppm limonene and 0.05% ethanol vapour enhanced the bacteriostatic effect of modified atmosphere in RTE sushi roll products, and no off‐flavour was detected using this formulated gas; however, no significant inhibitory effect was observed for RTE cold noodle products. This study concludes that combinations of carbon dioxide, ethanol or limonene vapours are effective to inhibit microbial growth in RTE food at ambient temperature, and the outcome may be due to the hurdle effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental and modeling approaches of MR behaviors under large step strains

Rheological properties of MR fluids under large step strain shear are presented in this paper. The experiments were carried out using a rheometer with parallel-plate geometry. Under the large step strain shear, MR fluids behave as nonlinear viscoelastic properties, where the stress relaxation modulus, G(t, γ), shows a decreasing trend with step strain. The experimental results indicate that G(t, γ) obeys time-strain separability. Thus, a mathematical form based on finite exponential serials is proposed to predict MR behavior. In this model, G(t, γ) is represented as the product of a linear stress relaxation, G(t), and the damping function, h(γ), i.e. G(t, γ)=G(t) h(γ). G(t) is simply represented as a three-parameter exponential serial and h(γ) has a sigmoidal form with two parameters. The parameters are identified by adopting an efficient optimization method proposed by Stango et al. The comparison between the experimental results and the model-predicted values indicates that this mathematical model can accurately predict MR behavior.     

Popular biorthogonal wavelet filters via a lifting scheme and its application in image compression

A technique using a lifting scheme is presented for constructing compactly supported wavelets whose coefficients are composed of free variables locating in an interval. An efficient approach-based wavelet for image compression is developed by selecting the coefficients of the 9-7 wavelet filter and associated lifting scheme. Furthermore, the rationalised coefficients wavelet filter that can be implemented with simple integer arithmetic is achieved and its characteristic is close to the well known original irrational coefficients 9-7 wavelet filters developed by A. Cohen et al. (Commun. Pure Appl. Maths., vol.45, no.1, p.485-560, 1992). To reduce the computational cost of image coding applications further, an acceleration technique is proposed for the lifting steps. Software and hardware simulations show that the new method has very low complexity, and simultaneously preserves the high quality of the compressed image.     

一种新型注入剖面组合测井仪及其应用

为了提高注入剖面测井的准确性，研制了一种新型注入剖面组合测井仪。该仪器由流量处理单元、伽马处理单元、井温处理单元、磁性定位处理单元、调制式传输、电源电路六部分组成。一次下井可同时测取流量、伽马、井温、磁性定位四组参数。具有测取资料精度高、单芯电缆传输、流量可单点测量也可连续测量以厦现场监测和维修方便等特点。     

长距离输油管道水力瞬变特性分析

针对长输管道输送过程中由于各种原因而引发的水力瞬变现象,提出了管道瞬变流动的数学物理模型及有限差分求解方法,研究了在长距离管道输送过程中常见的几种边界条件。结合具体算例,对水力瞬变物性进行了分析,为提高长输管道的设计和管理水平、深入掌握管道输油的水力瞬变规律提供了依据。     

石蜡基原油对环烷基原油润滑油馏分低温性能的敏感性分析

为了便于开采和集输环烷基原油,需要在其中混入一定量的石蜡基原油。加工环烷基原油的轻质和中质润滑油产品低温性能对石蜡基原油的混入非常敏感。为了保持产品的低温性能,对按不同比例混入石蜡原油的环烷基原油的影响程度进行了实验,对不同比例的混合油进行实沸点蒸馏得到的轻质和中质馏分的物理性质进行了测试分析,确定了混入量对环烷基原油产品的影响程度。     

拖拉器在水平井中的生产测井工艺及应用

随着水平井技术在油田开发中的广泛应用,水平井生产测试作为重要的监测手段日益受到重视.水平井拖拉器是完成水平井测试的一种下井输送工具,为成功进行水平井的电缆测试提供了技术手段.对拖拉器（Mule）与其他生产测井仪配接所录取的资料进行解释分析,可以为油井生产提供可靠的井况资料.