Synthesis, characterization and properties of tetramethyl stilbene-based epoxy resins for electronic encapsulation

Two novel tetramethyl stilbene-based novolac (II and IV) were synthesized from 2,6-dimethyl phenol and chloroacetaldehyde dimethylacetal or chloroacetone, and then the resulted novolacs were epoxidized to tetramethyl stilbene-based epoxy resins (III and V). The proposed structures were confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, mass spectra, NMR spectra and epoxy equivalent weight titration. The synthesized tetramethyl stilbene-based epoxy resins were cured with 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and 4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). Thermal properties of cured epoxy resins were studied using dynamic mechanical analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, thermal expansion analyzer and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). These data were compared with that of the commercial tetramethyl biphenol (TMBP) epoxy system. According to the experimental data, the order of T_g for cured epoxy system is III>TMBP>V. The order of moisture absorption for cured epoxy system is V<III<TMBP. According to TGA, the 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen atmosphere were in the range 370-377 and 397-412 °C for DDM and DDS curing systems, respectively. In air atmosphere, the 5% degradation temperatures were in the range 372-385 and 410-411 °C for DDM and DDS curing systems, respectively. The CTE is in inverse order with T_g, therefore, III/DDS<TMBP/DDS<V/DDS.     

LTPS circuit integration for system‐on‐glass LCDs

Abstract— A 3.5‐in. QVGA‐formatted driving‐circuit fully integrated LCD has been developed using low‐temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) technology. This display module, in which no external ICs are required, integrates all the driving circuits for a six‐bit RGB digital interface with an LTPS device called a “FASt LDD TFT” and achieves a high‐quality image, narrow frame width, and low power consumption. The LTPS process, device, and circuit technologies developed for system‐on‐glass LCD discussed. The development phase of LTPS circuit integration for system‐on‐glass LCDs is also reviewed.     

A Novel Robust Pid Controller Design By Fuzzy Neural Network

In this paper, we propose a robust PID controller tuning method for parametric uncertainty systems (or interval plant family) using fuzzy neural networks (FNNs). This robust controller is based on robust gain and phase margin (GM/PM) specifications that satisfy user requirements. Here, the FNN system is used to identify the relation between the PID controller parameters and robust GM/PM. We can use the trained FNN system to determine the parameters of the PID controllers in order to satisfy robust GM/PM specifications that guarantee robustness and performance. Simulation results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the robust controller scheme.     

Class-dependent discretization for inductive learning fromcontinuous and mixed-mode data

Inductive learning systems can be effectively used to acquire classification knowledge from examples. Many existing symbolic learning algorithms can be applied in domains with continuous attributes when integrated with a discretization algorithm to transform the continuous attributes into ordered discrete ones. In this paper, a new information theoretic discretization method optimized for supervised learning is proposed and described. This approach seeks to maximize the mutual dependence as measured by the interdependence redundancy between the discrete intervals and the class labels, and can automatically determine the most preferred number of intervals for an inductive learning application. The method has been tested in a number of inductive learning examples to show that the class-dependent discretizer can significantly improve the classification performance of many existing learning algorithms in domains containing numeric attributes     

Cardiovascular responses of Oriental and Caucasian men to alcohol: some psychological correlates

After drinking a small dose of alcohol, Orientals flushed, their heart rates increased and their diastolic pressures decreased; Caucasians' skin reflectance did not change, but their heart rates and systolic blood pressures decreased. In both groups, flushing was associated with an increase in feelings of vigor. Other mood correlates depended on condition.     

Bioconversion of n−3 and n−6 PUFA by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clavibacter</Emphasis> sp. ALA2

Clavibacter sp. ALA2 oxidized n−3 and n−6 PUFA into a variety of oxylipins. Structures of products converted from EPA and DHA were determined as 15,18-dihydroxy-14,17-epoxy-5(Z),8(Z),11(Z)-eicosatrienoic acid and 17,20-dihydroxy-16,19-epoxy-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-docosatetraenoic acid by GC-MS and NMR analyses. In contrast, γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were converted to diepoxy bicyclic FA, tetrahydrofuranyl monohydroxy FA, and trihydroxy FA. Thus, the structures of bioconversion products were different between n−3 and n−6 PUFA. Furthermore, strain ALA2 placed hydroxy groups and cyclic structures at the same position from the ω-terminal despite the number of carbons in the chain and the double bonds in the PUFA.     

Perceived cultural importance and actual self-importance of values in cultural identification.

Cross-cultural psychologists assume that core cultural values define to a large extent what a culture is. Typically, core values are identified through an actual self-importance approach, in which core values are those that members of the culture as a group strongly endorse. In this article, the authors propose a perceived cultural importance approach to identifying core values, in which core values are values that members of the culture as a group generally believe to be important in the culture. In 5 studies, the authors examine the utility of the perceived cultural importance approach. Results consistently showed that, compared with values of high actual self-importance, values of high perceived cultural importance play a more important role in cultural identification. These findings have important implications for conceptualizing and measuring cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design of Linear Phase FIR Filters in Subexpression Space Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming

In this paper, a novel optimization technique is proposed to optimize filter coefficients of linear phase finite-impulse response (FIR) filter to share common subexpressions within and among coefficients. Existing approaches of common subexpression elimination optimize digital filters in two stages: first, an FIR filter is designed in a discrete space such as finite wordlength space or signed power-of-two (SPT) space to meet a given specification; in the second stage, an optimization algorithm is applied on the discrete coefficients to find and eliminate the common subexpressions. Such a two-stage optimization technique suffers from the problem that the search space in the second stage is limited by the finite wordlength or SPT coefficients obtained in the first stage optimization. The new proposed algorithm overcomes this problem by optimizing the filter coefficients directly in subexpression space for a given specification. Numerical examples of benchmark filters show that the required number of adders obtained using the proposed algorithm is much less than those obtained using two-stage optimization approaches.     

A novel search method to reduce PAPR of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences

One of the main drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted OFDM signal. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique can improve the PAPR statistics of an OFDM signal. As ordinary PTS technique requires an exhaustive search over all combinations of allowed phase factors, the search complexity increases exponentially with the number of sub‐blocks. In this paper, we propose a novel PTS technique with reduced complexity that each level inverts twice of phase factor bits from previous level. Then we also use initial random phase sequence to find the better search way of PAPR reduction. Numerical results show that the proposed method can achieve significant reduction in search complexity with little performance degradation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel pixel design for high‐resolution AMOLED displays with a shadow mask

Abstract— The bottlenecks in achieving high resolution for active‐matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays based on currently available manufacturing processes were evaluated and compared. The use of a shadow mask has proven to be viable for mass production, but the fabrication of high‐precision shadow masks becomes very difficult when the resolution exceeds 180 ppi. The latest breakthrough in increasing display resolution is presented. Without an increase in cost, the limitations of the conventional shadow‐mask process using novel subpixel designs have been successfully overcome. A high resolution reaching of 270 ppi has been successfully demonstrated on a 3‐in. VGA‐format AMOLED display, fabricated by using a shadow mask with a much lower resolution of 135 ppi. This innovative pixel design opens up the possibilities of manufacturing high‐resolution displays using a relatively low‐resolution shadow mask.