基于小波分析和RBF神经网络的轴承故障诊断研究

为了提高轴承故障信号的诊断性能,采用小波分析和RBF神经网络相结合的方法对轴承振动信号进行故障分类。首先对轴承振动信号进行小波变化,采用软阈值去噪方法滤除振动信号噪声,然后对振动信号矩阵化处理,接着构建RBF神经网络,输入轴承振动信号特征向量,初始化权重和阈值,最后通过不断反向迭代得到稳定的RBF神经网络故障判别模型。实验证明：通过差异化设置隐藏层神经元数量,确定合适的RBF神经网络规模,经过小波去噪可以有效提高轴承故障判别准确率,相比于常见轴承故障分类算法,算法具有更高的故障判别准确率。     

钛表面激光熔覆NiCr-Ag复合涂层结构及空间摩擦学性能研究

利用激光熔覆技术在钛基材表面制备了NiCr-Ag复合涂层。用XRD、SEM和HRTEM分析了涂层的组成和组织结构,利用空间摩擦学系统对复合涂层在三种模拟空间环境(高真空、原子氧和紫外辐照)以及大气环境下的摩擦磨损性能进行了系统的研究。采用SEM和EDS对磨损后复合涂层和对偶钢球的形貌和元素面分布进行了分析,揭示了复合涂层在模拟空间环境及大气环境下摩擦磨损失效机理。结果表明：复合涂层在大气环境条件下的摩擦磨损性能优于在三种模拟空间环境下的摩擦磨损性能;真空下的辐照对复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能有显著的影响,辐照会增加涂层表面氧化;复合涂层在高真空、原子氧和紫外辐照模拟空间环境下的磨损机理为较严重的粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和塑性变形,在大气环境条件下的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损。     

马铃薯块茎蛾对不同寄主植物的产卵选择性比较

室内测定了马铃薯块茎蛾成虫对5种寄主植物(马铃薯、烟草、番茄、茄子和辣椒)的产卵选择性,并测定了该虫对5种寄主植物5种不同质量浓度(O.25～4.00 gE/mL)的叶表漂洗物的产卵反应,结果表明:马铃薯块茎蛾显著趋向于马铃薯及烟草的叶片上产卵.对寄主叶表漂洗物产卵反应的试验结果表明:4.00 gE/mL烟草叶表漂洗物对马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵有极显著促进作用;1.00 gE/mL马铃薯叶表漂洗物、2.00 gE/mL烟草叶表漂洗物、2.00 gE/mL番茄叶表漂洗物、1.00、2.00 gE/mL茄子叶表漂洗物、0.50 gE/mL辣椒叶表漂洗物分别对马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵有显著的促进作用;但2.00、4.00 gE/mL马铃薯叶表漂洗物、4.00 gE/mL茄子叶表漂洗物、4.00 gE/mL辣椒叶表漂洗物分别对其产卵表现为显著地抑制作用.     

The controllable microstructure of porous Al2O3 ceramics prepared via a novel freeze casting route

In traditional aqueous slurry freezing casting processing, the growth method of ice crystals is hard to control, resulting in the uncontrollable pore's morphologies of the porous ceramics. In the experimental, the pure Al₂O₃ sol was used to substitute water as a medium for preparing ceramic slurry. With Al₂O₃ sol addition, it becomes easy to control the microstructure and pore's morphologies of the porous Al₂O₃ ceramics via adjusting of the solid loading, composition of the ceramic slurries, as well as the cooling methods. The SEM micrographs showed that the sol-contained ceramic slurry combined with freeze casting processing can easily prepare the porous Al₂O₃ ceramics with different pore sizes and different morphologies. The porous Al₂O₃ ceramics prepared from 70 wt.% to 90 wt.% solid loading sol-contained Al₂O₃ slurries and sintered at 1500 °C for 2 h have open porosities from 81.7% to 64.6%.     

过硼酸钙的合成研究

以硼砂(或硼酸)和氢氧化钙为原料,在m(B2O3)∶m(CaO)=2.3∶1和35℃条件下,合成偏硼酸钙。自然风干的偏硼酸钙与质量分数为30%的过氧化氢在稳定剂存在下,经反应、过滤及干燥制备出过硼酸钙(CaO.B2O3.nH2O2.mH2O,n为1.5~2.5,m为2~3)。SEM分析表明,以硼砂为原料合成的偏硼酸钙晶型更有利于合成过硼酸钙。研究结果表明:在60℃及复合稳定剂Q存在的情况下,当液固比(mL/g)为3.5∶1、反应40 min时,获得的过硼酸钙中w(B2O3)为28%~29%、w(CaO)为22%~24%、活性氧质量分数大于13.5%、w(Fe)≤0.004%。     

电镀污泥酸浸出液中铜和镍分离的研究

根据某电镀污泥酸浸出液中所含的铜(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)化学性质的差异,分别采用氨水分步沉淀法、硫化钠选择沉淀法和铁粉置换法进行铜(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)分离的实验研究,考察溶液pH、硫化钠用量及铁粉用量对分离效果的影响,根据溶度积理论及电化学理论简要阐述溶液中铜(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)分离的原理。结果表明:在适当条件下,硫化钠可以选择性地沉淀混合溶液中的铜(Ⅱ),铁粉也可以优先置换混合溶液中的铜(Ⅱ),从而实现电镀污泥酸浸出液中铜和镍的分离。     

Combinatorial Search for Quaternary Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Electro‐Reduction Catalyst

A combinatorial library containing 645 different compositions was synthesised and characterised for methanol tolerant oxygen electro‐reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. The library was composed of compositions involving between 1 and 4 metals among Pt, Ru, Fe, Mo and Se. In an optical screening test, Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10) composition exhibited the highest ORR activity in the presence of methanol. This composition was further investigated by synthesis and characterisation of a powder version catalyst [Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C]. At 0.85 V [vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] in the absence of methanol, the Pt/C catalyst exhibited higher ORR current (0.0990 mA) than the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst (0.0902 mA). But much higher specific activity (12.7 μA cm_pt^–2) was observed in the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst than for the Pt/C catalyst 6.51 μA cm_pt^–2). In the presence of methanol, the ORR current decreased by 0.0343 and 0.247 mA for the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively, which proved the excellent methanol tolerance of the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst.     

Effect of applied potential on fatigue crack propagation behavior of API X80 steel in seawater

In the present study, the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were conducted on X80 steel in air and artificial seawater (ASW) under various applied potentials to establish optimum and safe working limits of cathodic protection (CP). The slow strain rate test (SSRT) was also conducted on the X80 BM specimens in ASW under CP potential to identify the susceptibility of hydrogen affecting the FCP behavior. The CP potential of ?850 and ?1,050 mV_SCE suppressed the environmental effect of seawater on the FCP behavior of X80 BM and WM specimens, showing almost identical da/dN-ΔK curves for both air and ASW environments. The SSRT in ASW under CP potential of ?1,050 mV_SCE suggested that the X80 BM specimen steel is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, but the effect of hydrogen was believed to be marginal in affecting the FCP behavior of the X80 specimens at a loading frequency of 10 Hz. The FCP behavior of high strength X80 steel is discussed based on the fractographic observation to understand the FCP mechanism in seawater under various CP potentials.     

Effect of the dehydrogenation speed and Nd content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of HDDR processed Nd-Fe-B magnets

The effect of Nd content and dehydrogenation speed on the microstructure and magnetic properties of hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) processed Nd-Fe-B magnetic powders was studied. The Nd_xB_6.4Ga_0.3Nb_0.2Fe_bal (x=12.5–13.5, at.%) mold casting alloys were subjected to HDDR process after homogenization heat treatment. During desorption-recombination stage, dehydrogenation speed and time were systematically changed to control the speed of the desorption-recombination reaction. The higher Nd content resulted in better magnetic properties of the HDDR powder, and this was attributed to the thicker and more uniform Nd-rich phase at grain boundaries. It was also confirmed that the slow dehydrogenation speed could maximize the effect of high Nd content on the magnetic properties of HDDR powder. At the optimized dehydrogenation speed, the coercivity and remanence was 15.3 kOe and 13.0 kG, respectively, at 12.9 at.% Nd content, which resulted in a (BH)_max of 36.8 MGOe.     

Isothermal Beta Grain Growth Kinetics of TC4-DT Titanium Alloy under Two Different Prior Processing Conditions: Deformed vs. Undeformed

研究了具有初始等轴组织的TC4-DT钛合金在变形和未变形的状态下在β单相区等温加热时的晶粒长大动力学。变形在两相区进行,变形程度为60%,变形后空冷。加热温度分别选取相变点以上10、20、30℃,保温时分别为2、5、10、30、60、120 min。利用金相分析软件对晶粒尺寸进行了定量测定并分析获得了两种条件下的晶粒生长的时间指数和激活能。未变形试样的晶粒生长的时间指数和激活的变化范围分别是0.34~0.35和86.8~130 kJ·mol-1,在变形条件下变为0.36~0.39和76.6~110 kJ·mol-1。研究结果表明在相同的加热条件下,变形试样具有较高的晶粒生长指数和较低的生长激活能。这是因为晶粒生长时间指数随温度的变化和生长激活能随时间的变化与固溶原子的扩散和晶界的迁移的交互作用有关,而变形可以促进原子的扩散和晶界的迁移。另外还研究了在不同的加热温度、时间以及变形条件下晶粒尺寸的均匀度的变化情况,这种变化是β相的形核速率和生长速率在上述因素的影响下共同作用的结果。