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31.
ESR spin trapping was used to investigate the reaction of rabbit cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2 with cumene hydroperoxide. Cumene hydroperoxide-derived peroxyl, alkoxyl, and carbon-centered radicals were formed and trapped during the reaction. The relative contributions of each radical adduct to the composite ESR spectrum were influenced by the concentration of the spin trap. Computer simulation of the experimental data obtained at various 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) concentrations was used to quantitate the contributions of each radical adduct to the composite ESR spectrum. The alkoxyl radical was the initial radical produced during the reaction. Experiments with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane identified the carbon-centered adducts as those of the methyl radical, hydroxymethyl radical, and a secondary carbon-centered radical. The reaction did not require NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase or NADPH. It is concluded that the reaction involves the initial homolytic scission of the peroxide O-O bond to produce the cumoxyl radical. Methyl radicals were produced from the beta-scission of the cumoxyl radical. The peroxyl adduct was not observed in the absence of molecular oxygen. We conclude that the DMPO peroxyl radical adduct detected in the presence of oxygen was due to the methylperoxyl radical formed by the reaction of the methyl radical with oxygen. At a higher P450 concentration, a protein-derived radical adduct was also detected. 相似文献
32.
33.
D Martin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,28(7):52-53
A clinical ladder identifies nursing competence, provides recognition and financial reward for bedside nursing practice, promotes responsibility, accountability, project and committee involvement, and enhances self-worth and positive morale. Because of the program's blend of skill levels, it develops a climate for clinical learning while promoting professional growth and confidence. 相似文献
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35.
By nature, cryptographers tend to be extremely cautious and conservative. From their perspective, spending time getting people to use a new cryptographic algorithm is roughly on par with getting involved in a land war in Asia. In some cases, however, the difficulty involved in developing a new algorithm is worth the effort. This is the case with identity-based encryption (IBE), a new type of public-key algorithm 相似文献
36.
Steel box sections are usually fabricated from flat plates which are welded at the corners. The welding process can introduce residual stresses and geometric imperfections into the sections which can influence their strength. For some thin-walled sections, large periodic geometric imperfections have been observed in manufactured sections. Subsequent investigations have indicated that the imperfections are in fact buckling deformations i.e. the box section has buckled due to welding residual stresses prior to any application of external load. The welding procedure and the behaviour of the box sections under load has been modelled using a finite element analysis that accounts for both geometric and material non-linearities. Tests have been carried out on box sections with a range of width to thickness ratios for the plate elements. Modelling has been shown to give good correlation with the test results. The conditions for buckling to take place as a result of the welding process have been established. A design method has been proposed. 相似文献
37.
The cost of maintaining a software system over a long period of time far exceeds its initial development cost. Much of the maintenance cost is attributed to the time required by new developers to understand legacy systems. High-level structural information helps maintainers navigate through the numerous low-level components and relations present in the source code. Modularization tools can be used to produce subsystem decompositions from the source code but do not typically produce high-level architectural relations between the newly found subsystems. Controlling subsystem interactions is one important way in which the overall complexity of software maintenance can be reduced.We have developed a tool, called ARIS (Architecture Relation Inference System), that enables software engineers to define rules and relations for regulating subsystem interactions. These rules and relations are called Interconnection Styles and are definedusing a visual notation. The style definition is used by our tool to infer subsystem-level relations in designs being reverse engineered from source code.In this paper we describe our tool and its underlying techniques and algorithms. Using a case study, we describe how ARIS is used to reverse engineer high-level structural information from a real application. 相似文献
38.
39.
W. Rogowski VDE O. Martin H. Thielen VDE 《Electrical Engineering (Archiv fur Elektrotechnik)》1941,35(7):424-430
Zusammenfassung Aufnahmen von Lichtenbergschen Figuren mit kurzen Spannungsstößen zeigen, daß bisher bekanntgewordene Bilder solcher Entladungsfiguren bereits ein verhältnismäßig weit vorgeschrittenes Stadium darstellen. Es gelingt mittels kurzer Stöße erste lawinenartige Anfänge der Figuren festzuhalten und einiges über Vorgänge im Anfangsstadium herauszulesen. Die negative Figur beginnt lawinenförmig an bevorzugten Stellen der Kathode. Bei nebeneinander entstandenen Lawinen ist sehr gut die gegenseitige Abstoßung infolge gleicher Ladung zu beobachten. Die Entladung hat einen geschichteten Aufbau. Die positiven Figuren bilden sich später aus. Es sprechen jedoch bisher keinerlei Anzeichen für ein Hinwachsen der Fäden zur Anode. Die Kanäle verjüngen sich zur Anode hin und selbst bei kurzen Stoßzeiten endet kein einziger vor der Anode. Auch die Art der gegenseitigen Abstoßung der positiven Fäden spricht mehr für ein Vorwachsen von der Anode aus. Aus den Farbaufnahmen ergibt sich für die filmschwärzende Strahlung eine Wellenlänge unter 450 m. 相似文献
40.
Martin T. P. Azvine B. 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2003,8(2):93-101
With the burgeoning complexity and capabilities of modern information appliances and services, user modelling is becoming an increasingly important research area. Simple user profiles already personalise many software products and consumer goods such as digital TV recorders and mobile phones. A user model should be easy to initialise, and it must adapt in the light of interaction with the user. In many cases, a large amount of training data is needed to generate a user model, and adaptation is equivalent to retraining the system. This paper briefly outlines the user modelling problem and work done at BTexact on an intelligent personal assistant (IPA) which incorporates a user profile. We go on to describe FILUM, a more flexible method of user modelling, and show its application to the telephone assistant and email assistant components of the IPA, with tests to illustrate its usefulness. 相似文献