The T Cell Repertoires from Nickel Sensitized Joint Implant Failure Patients

Nickel (Ni²⁺) is one of the most common allergens, affecting around 10–15% of the general population. As the demand for orthopedic implant surgery rises, the number of surgical revisions due to joint implant failure also increases. There is evidence that some patients develop joint failure due to an immune response to a component of the implant, and we have found that Ni²⁺ is an especially important cause. Hence, understanding the mechanisms by which Ni²⁺ allergy induces joint implant failure becomes a critical research question. The structural basis of Ni²⁺ activation of pathogenic T cells is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to characterize Ni²⁺-reactive T cell repertoires derived from the peripheral blood of joint failure patients due to Ni²⁺ sensitization using single-cell sequencing techniques. We stimulated the proliferation of Ni²⁺ -reactive T cells from two implant failure patients in vitro, and sorted them for single-cell VDJ sequencing (10× genomics). We identified 2650 productive V-J spanning pairs. Both TCR α chains and β chains were enriched. TRBV18 usage is the highest in the P7 CD4+ population (18.1%), and TRBV5-1 usage is the highest in the P7 CD8+ population (12.1%). TRBV19 and TRBV20-1 segments are present in a high percentage of both P7 and P9 sequenced T cells. Remarkably, the alpha and beta chain combination of TRAV41-TRBV18 accounts for 13.5% of the CD4+ population of P7 patient. Compared to current Ni specific T cell repertoire studies of contact dermatitis, the Vα and Vβ usages of these joint implant failure patients were different. This could be due to the different availability of self-peptides in these two different tissues. However, TRBV19 (Vβ17) was among frequently used TCR β chains, which are common in previous reports. This implies that some pathogenic T cells could be similar in Ni²⁺ hypersensitivities in skin and joints. The alignment of the TCR CDR3β sequences showed a conserved glutamic acid (Glu) that could potentially interact with Ni²⁺. The study of these Ni²⁺ specific TCRs may shed light on the molecular mechanism of T cell activation by low molecular weight chemical haptens.     

致密油藏直井多层缝网压裂产量递减分析

垂向多层发育的致密油藏常采用缝网压裂进行开采,从而改善储层渗透率,提高油井产量。为此建立直井多层缝网压裂不稳定渗流数学模型,压裂后各层划分为人工裂缝区、改造区和未改造区。绘制分析Blasingame产量递减典型曲线,曲线分为7个流动阶段,总裂缝长度一定时,裂缝半长短的储层流体渗流率先到达未改造区,流体渗流阻力大,Blasingame曲线靠下;总改造体积一定时,各层改造体积差异越大,Blasingame曲线越靠下。用所建立的模型,对实测生产资料进行解释,获得各层裂缝半长、改造区渗透率等相关地层参数,该模型对进行多层缝网压裂直井产量分析具有指导意义。     

基于Windows的液压实时测试浅析

本文通过分析WINDOWS实时处理的局限性，提出了解决问题的几种机制；同时以液压元件的实时测试中断程序的实现为例说明了机制的应用，研究表明，这种机制较传统方法实用、有效。     

PBL在专业背景课教学中的探索与实践——以陆军军事交通学院为例

为提高军队院校学员综合素质和解决实际问题的能力,探索将项目式学习法(PBL)运用于专业背景课教学过程中.分析PBL的内涵,从准备、实施和评价3个阶段构建基于PBL的教学模型,并以军事交通技术课程中“杂货船配载图编制”的教学为例,从教学准备、自主学习、课堂教学和教学反思4个步骤进行分析探讨,为专业背景课教学改革提供借鉴.     

矿区土壤重金属Cd高光谱建模与模型适应性分析

以粤北南岭某矿区土壤为研究对象,采用传统采样检测方法分析土壤重金属含量.借助ASD FieldSpec 4型便携式高光谱仪测量土壤光谱反射率,将土壤反射率经过卷积平滑后进行8种数据变换,分析9种光谱数据指标与镉(Cd)含量的相关性.采用偏最小二乘和随机森林方法,结合Pearson相关系数分别建立9种光谱数据指标的土壤重金属Cd含量的高光谱反演模型.并对其预测能力进行评价,实现了局地尺度上土壤重金属Cd含量反演,探究了不同Cd浓度区间对建模精度的影响.结果表明:通过不同的数据变换方式可以有效消除基线,去除背景干扰并提高光谱数据与Cd的相关性.其中一阶微分变换效果最为理想;偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)与随机森林(Random Forest Regression,RF)均能不同程度预测Cd含量,其中采用一阶微分结合随机森林(FD-RF)方法所建模型具备较高可靠性,R2超过0.80;当样本浓度平均值变化超过40％时,建立的模型预测能力降低.该研究方法可以作为土壤重金属Cd检测的手段,研究结果可以为土壤重金属高光谱反演提供方法和理论支持.     

Preparation of High Strength and Toughness Aramid Fiber by Introducing Flexible Asymmetric Monomer to Construct Misplaced-Nunchaku Structure

High performance fibers with high strength and toughness have great potential in composites, but contradiction between tensile strength and elongation at break makes the preparation to become a current challenge. Herein, an asymmetric structure of more flexible diamine, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4′-ODA), is introduced into heterocyclic aramid (PBIA) fibers to replace rigid symmetric p-phenylenediamine (PDA). By studying the properties of copolymer (mPEBA) fibers with different ratios of diamine, it is found that the mPEBA fiber reached the optimal mechanical properties with the 30% content of 3,4′-ODA. Compared with homopolymerized heterocyclic aramid fibers, the tensile strength and elongation at break of mPEBA fiber are improved by 26.2% and 38.7%, respectively. Results of X-ray diffraction show that the introduction of 3,4′-ODA structure can increase stretchability of mPEBA fibers, improving the orientation degree during hot-drawing. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that 3,4′-ODA structure undergoes a conformation transformation to form a straightened chain during hot-drawing, while symmetrical 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-ODA) cannot form the same conformation. The misplaced-nunchaku structure is formed based on the special meta-para position of 3,4′-ODA, achieving the synergy of high strength and high toughness.     

Zirconium-Embedded Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Containing Phosphaphenanthrene-Substituent Group Used as Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resin Composites

A zirconium hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane derivative (Zr–POSS–bisDOPO) is synthesized by the corner-capping and Kabachnik–Fields reactions. It is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and then used as a flame retardant in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to endow epoxy resin (EP) with flame retardancy. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the cured EP/Zr–POSS–bisDOPO composites are investigated. The results show that when Zr–POSS–bisDOPO is added by 5–7 wt%, the EP/Zr–POSS–bisDOPO composites pass the UL-94 V-0 rating test. In addition, they have a better flame-retardant effect than pure EP. The combination of Zr atom embedded in the Si O cubic cage and the two phosphaphenanthrene substituent groups in one corner of cubic cage is expected to realize the Zr/Si/P ternary intramolecular hybrid synergistic effect and achieve the possibility of dispersing metal–POSS cages at a sub-micrometer-scale level into polymer matrix. It also proves that Zr–POSS–bisDOPO produces phosphorus-containing free radicals and terminates the chain reactions in gas phase. Meanwhile the Si O Si and Zr O units are retained in the solid phase, which promote the char formation and enhance the flame retardancy. This kind of Zr-doped POSS will be helpful for developing the new metal–POSS hybrid flame-retardant and polymer composites.     

Bioderived Bilayer Shell Modification β-FeOOH Nanorods via Self-Assembly Technique as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

The design and application of bioderived flame retardants have been widely conducted to meet the concept of green and sustainable development. Here, self-assembly technique is used to prepare core–shell bioderived additives by using β-FeOOH as the core and polydopamine (PDA)/tannic acid (TA) bilayer as the shell, following adsorption of nickel ions to enhance the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP). The molecular structure of biobased resources is rich in hydroxyl groups and carbon content, which can be dehydrated and carbonized during combustion and promote the formation of robust protective char layer. With the addition of 5 wt% β-FeOOH@PTNi, the EP composites can pass V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. The peak heat release rate and total heat release decrease by 28.4% and 17.4% compared with pure EP. The bioderived nanorods can capture the oxygen free radicals, contributing to flame retarding in gaseous phase. Thus, the release of high-toxic CO and flammable gaseous is significantly suppressed. Besides, the storage modulus of EP composites increases by 16.0% with the addition of 5% β-FeOOH@PTNi compared with pure EP. This work provides a sustainable methodology for the design of bioderived flame retardants for EP.     

Crude Wax Extracted from Rice Bran Oil Improves Oleogel Properties and Oxidative Stability

Crude wax extracted from rice bran oil (RBO) is used to improve the oleogel properties and oxidative stability of RBO. The effect of crude rice bran wax (CrBW) on the formation characteristics and oxidative stability of oleogels is discussed. The results show that oleogels can be formed with 7.0 wt% CrBW at 20 °C. As the concentration of CrBW increases from 7.0 to 11.0 wt%, the hardness and solid fat content (SFC) of the oleogels increase significantly, and the oleogels are primarily β' crystals. Moreover, oleogel crystals formed with 5 and 7 wt% CrBW are flocculent; when the amount included is 9%, the oleogel crystals are transformed into long dendrites, and the density rises. After 90 days of storage at 20 °C, the peroxide value of oleogels formed with 9.0 wt% CrBW slowly rises from 3.21 to 6.52 mmol kg⁻¹. Practical Applications: Oleogels prepared here by CrBW and RBO are an innovative structural lipid without trans fats. Useful information on the rich fats and nutrients in CrBW is provided, which reduces the production cost and improves the industrial production capacity.     

蒽醌法合成过氧化氢催化剂的研究进展

过氧化氢（H₂O₂, 俗称双氧水）, 由于其强氧化性常用作漂白剂、消毒剂, 同时也作化工原料。目前工业上生产过氧化氢的主要方法为蒽醌法, 全球近99%的产品均通过蒽醌法制得。研究具有高活性、高选择性及经济性的催化剂是合成过氧化氢所面对的最具挑战性的课题, 同时也是工业催化领域的研究热点之一。主要针对蒽醌法制过氧化氢催化剂, 综述了各种活性组分、载体及助剂在蒽醌加氢催化剂中的研究进展, 并简单探讨了各种活性组分的优缺点, 概括了各种载体、助剂的作用, 以期对过氧化氢催化剂的合成制备提供一些有益的启示。