The nature of excited-state absorption in polymethine andsquarylium molecules

Subpicosecond transient absorption measurements were performed for several polymethine and squarylium dyes in ethanol solution and a polymeric host over the spectral range 400-1500 nm. A variety of nonlinear effects including saturable absorption, reverse saturable absorption, and gain were observed and analyzed. We observe strong excited-state absorption (ESA) in all dyes in the range 450-600 nm. We also report the first prediction and observation of additional ESA bands in the near-infrared range. The predictions were based on quantum chemical calculations and the ESA experiments were performed with femtosecond pump-continuum probe techniques. For polymethine dye 2-[2-[3-[(1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene) ethylidene]-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]ethenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylindo lium perchorate, an additional ESA band was detected near 1250 nm, and for squarylium dye 1,3-Bis-[(1,3-dihydro-1-butyl-3,3-dimetyl-2H-benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene)meth yl]squ araine, two additional ESA bands were found around 870- and 1380-nm, respectively. To further study the nature of these transitions, the steady-state excitation anisotropy was also studied and compared with predictions. The relationship between ESA spectra of organic dyes and their molecular structure is discussed     

Gyrotron Radiation Affected by a Controlled Modulated Reflector: High Power Experiment

An experiment performed with the gyrotrons of the TJ-II ECRH system has been performed to influence the gyrotron output radiation with a relatively weak wave returned from an external mechanically modulated reflector. An original method is proposed for directly measuring the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation in the free space. The method has been demonstrated in measurements of the wavelength of a high-power gyrotron radiation in the millimeter wavelength range used for plasma ECR heating in the TJ-II stellarator.     

Various Shapes of 3 D Resonators Pass-Band Filters

The integral equations technique based on a three dimensional finite element method is applied as a quick and accurate analysis tool for the design of microwave passband filters. A three resonator H-plane bandpass filters with the various shapes of cavities and the irises are analyzed with this method in a single step and for only one mode, take into account all the electromagnetic effects. Consequently, it consumes less memory and CPU time.We propose also to study the same filters filled by homogeneous high dielectric material (ε_τ = 9.6) for Both resonator and coupling section.All these numerical results have been validated through a comparison with the results available in the scientific literature.     

匹配滤波法在大炮检距资料处理中的应用

在进行高分辨率地震资料处理时．长排列资料往往会出现大炮检距的波组低频化现象．使得地震剂面的分辨率降低。提高分辨率是目前高分辨率处理中的一个难点．针对这一难点提出了匹配滤波法处理技术介绍了该技术的主要处理步骤，并利用数学模型和实际资料进行了匹配滤波法处理和常规处理的对比．处理结果表明．匹配滤渡法有效地提高了分辨率     

复杂条件下三维地震资料处理中的几个关键问题

在详细介绍了本区地震地质条件和资料采集情况的基础上，分析了在本区进行精细资料处理中的难点，指出并讨论了4个方面的关键问题：一次静校正和剩余静校正问题、叠前去噪问题、反褶积问题和速度问题。最后，对比分析了本区三维地震资料新、老处理的效果。     

Cr-Hf-C Phase diagram

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 4(328), pp. 76–80, April, 1990.     

Effect of the degree of defectiveness of an original material on the deformation structure formed in the explosive collapse of thick-walled hollow cylinders

The effect of shock-wave preloading on the formation of a deformation structure in copper and tantalum upon subsequent high-velocity plastic deformation performed by the method of explosive collapse of a hollow thick-walled cylinder has been studied. Prehardening is shown to favor the structural uniformity of deformation up to large values owing to creation of a highly disperse intragranular structure. Lavrent’ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 108–120, November–December, 1997.     

An Algorithm for Balanced Approximation and Model Reduction of 2-D Separable-in-Denominator Filters

Model reduction of two-dimensional (2-D) Separable-in-Denominator Digital Filters (SDDF) using frequency domain balanced realization is proposed. The frequency domain controllability and observability Grammians are introduced and their appropriate Lyapunov equations are developed. The approach could be viewed as the generalization of the existing balanced structure approach in a specific frequency range of operation. Various properties of the proposed frequency domain balanced structure are investigated. A comparison study of the proposed method with the available techniques is presented using numerical examples     

Destruction of human blood cells in interaction with detonation nanodiamonds in experiments in vitro

In experiments in vitro on human blood, it was shown that nanodiamond (ND) particles change the kinetics of active oxygen generation (AOG), causing white cell destruction and erythrocyte hemolysis. Various mechanisms of the observed effects have been considered. Nanodiamonds adapted for biological research and possessing higher colloidal stability make it possible to obtain sterile hydrosols and mixtures with drugs and are more preferable for medical–biological research. We discussed the necessity of experiments in vivo and showed the first results of injection of the adapted nanodiamonds to the laboratory animals.     

Cl‐Doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays on 3D Graphene Foam with Highly Efficient Field Emission and Photocatalytic Properties

An environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and large‐scale method is developed for fabrication of Cl‐doped ZnO nanowire arrays (NWAs) on 3D graphene foam (Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF), and investigates its applications as a highly efficient field emitter and photocatalyst. The introduction of Cl‐dopant in ZnO increases free electrons in the conduction band of ZnO and also leads to the rough surface of ZnO NWAs, which greatly improves the field emission properties of the Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF. The Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF demonstrates a low turn‐on field (≈1.6 V μm⁻¹), a high field enhancement factor (≈12844), and excellent field emission stability. Also, the Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF shows high photocatalytic efficiency under UV irradiation, enabling photodegradation of organic dyes such as RhB within ≈75 min, with excellent recyclability. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the Cl‐ZnO NWAs/GF originates from the highly efficient charge separation efficiency at the heterointerface of Cl‐ZnO and GF, as well as improved electron transport efficiency due to the doping of Cl. These results open up new possibilities of using Cl‐ZnO and graphene‐based hybrid nanostructures for various functional devices.