Calculation of the molar volume of liquid hydrocarbons

Equations are proposed for calculating the molar volume of liquid hydrocarbons used in production of surfactants. With such data, it will be possible to calculate most of the physicochemical properties of these hydrocarbons to solve many process problems. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 39–41, Novemmber–December, 2006.     

Use of rheology, dielectric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry for gel time determination of a thermoset

Measurements of gel time of the epoxy system DGEBA(n=0)/m-XDA were carried out using rheometry and dielectric analysis with the objective of checking the validity of Mangion-Johari equation (DEA) and Harran-Laudouard criterium (rheometry) for gel time determination. In this work, gel times obtained by rheometry and dielectric analysis are compared and conversions at gel time calculated. From the experimental results obtained for gel times it was found a reasonable agreement between the two techniques that lead to gel conversion values very close to those obtained using Flory equation.     

Modelling and analysis of 3-D arrangements of particles by point processes with examples of application to biological data obtained by confocal scanning light microscopy

Within the concept of point processes, a review is presented of quantities which can be used in studies of three-dimensional (3-D) aggregates of particles. Suitable characteristics and estimators are given for both unmarked and marked point processes. To demonstrate the feasibility of such quantitative approaches, an application in histology, dealing with 3-D arrangements of cell nuclei in rat liver, is described. Using a confocal scanning light microscope, 3-D images are recorded and image analysis used to obtain the coordinates of the centroid, together with the volume and DNA content, of each cell nucleus. Examples of results are given, using both unmarked and marked point processes. In the latter case, cell type, nuclear volume and ploidy group are suitable marks.     

Developing and fully developed turbulent flow of drag reducing fluids in an annular duct

Velocity profiles for the inner and outer flow regions of annuli are proposed for the turbulent flow of drag reducing fluids. Theoretical expressions for friction factors are developed. From the shear stress equations and the velocity profiles, estimates for the entrance lengths are given.     

Empirical equations for the perforation of mild steel plates

The experimental results for the perforation energy of mild steel plate struck by flat-ended, non-deforming, cylindrical penetrators have been correlated using the principles of dimensional analysis. A correlation is presented for long penetrators. It is shown that for short penetrators a different response of the target is observed and that, at present, there are insufficient published data to produce a unifying correlation.     

Lateral habits ofn-alkane single crystals

The lateral crystal habits ofn-alkanes (n-C _n H_2n+2) have been observed just below the melting points by optical microscopy forn=18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 34, 44, 50 and 65. The shape of the crystals depends on the crystal phase: circular in the rotator phase, lenticular in phase C, and diamond in the low-temperature phase. The rounding of the lateral shape can be explained in terms of thermal roughening of the lateral faces in the disordered phases at high temperature.