Commercial Liberation

“Advertising's liberated woman incorporates everything the women's movement has fought against.”     

Kinetic study of the sulfurisation of cuprous halides in hydrogen sulfide. Cuprous bromide and iodide

The sulfurisation of cuprous bromides and iodides in hydrogen sulfide, at low pressure, leads to the formation of a porous chalcosine layer, as already investigated in the case of chlorides. The step which fixes the conversion rate is the diffusion of the gaseous reagents in the pores of the sulfide formed. Experimental activation energies are 15 and 34 kcal.Mole^?1 respectively, at every step of the reaction.     

Preoptic area and substantia nigra interact in the control of maternal behavior in the rat.

Investigated the influence of the lateral connections of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) on maternal behavior via the substantia nigra (SN). In Exp I, conducted with 45 postpartum lactating Charles River CD rats, the effects of large and small bilateral electrolytic lesions of SN were investigated. Large lesions severely disrupted maternal behavior and caused stereotyped activity in Ss. A 2nd experiment employed an asymmetrical lesion design and 37 Ss. Ss that received a unilateral knife cut severing the lateral connections of the MPOA and a contralateral lesion of the SN showed larger deficits in maternal behavior than either sham Ss or Ss that received a unilateral preoptic cut paired with an ipsilateral SN lesion. Measurements of body weights, body temperatures, and stereotyped behavior indicated that the differences in maternal behavior between the ipsilateral and contralateral groups could not be explained on the basis of nonspecific effects. (57 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clarification of publishing history of Park, Morrell, Frieske, and Kincaid.

Readers and secondary services are alerted that, through no fault of her own, two nearly identical articles by Denise C. Park have been published. A full report of the research appeared in the American Psychological Association publication, Psychology and Aging. The full reference follows: Park, D. C., Morrell, R. W., Frieske, D., & Kincaid, D. (1992). Medication adherence behaviors in older adults: Effects of external cognitive supports. Psychology and Aging, 7,252-256 (see record 1992-36400-001). Although Dr. Park expressly denied in writing to the conference editors permission to publish the full text of the paper in the conference proceedings, the full text nonetheless was published as follows: Park, D. C., Morrell, R. W., Frieske, D., & Kincaid, D. (1992). Copyright 1992 by the American Psychological Association. Medication adherence behaviors in young and old adults: Effects of cognitive interventions. In H. Bouma & J. A. M. Graafmans (Eds.), Studies in health technology and infomatics: Volume 3. Gerontechnology (pp. 401-406). Amsterdam: IOS Press. Citations to this research should be made, as the author intended, to the primary archival publication in Psychology and Aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Thinking out loud while studying text: Rehearsing key ideas.

The purpose of this study was to identify mechanisms by which instructional objectives produce their effects on learning. College students studied text with and without objectives. The objective-relevant information was either important (high) or unimportant (low) in the content structure of the text. Protocols for thinking out loud were examined for evidence of rehearsal activity. The dependent measures were rehearsal activity, free recall, and reading time of the objective-relevant information. The results indicated that rehearsal activity and recall were greater and reading times were longer with objectives than without objectives. Rehearsal activity was correlated significantly with recall and reading time; recall also was correlated significantly with reading time. In addition, more information was recalled when the objective-relevant information was high in the content structure. The results suggest that instructional objectives promote real-time rehearsal activity—that is, the activity of mentally repeating, paraphrasing, and summarizing information so as to commit it to memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characterization of extracted complexes in liquid–liquid extraction of rhodium with Kelex 100 in the presence of SnCl2

Mixed Rh? Sn complexes found in aqueous and organic solutions involved in the liquid–liquid extraction of Rh(III) from chloride solutions, also containing SnCl₂, with 7-(4-ethyl-1-methyloctyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline (Kelex 100) were characterized through ¹¹⁹Sn NMR and Raman spectroscopy. At Sn: Rh molar ratios of 3:1 and 12:1, it was found that [Rh^IIICl₃(SnCl₃)₃]^3? and [Rh^I(SnCl₃)₅]^4?, respectively, are the dominant complexes in both the aqueous and organic solutions. These complexes can be quantitatively extracted from the aqueous solutions in less than 1 min contact time via ion-pair formation with the protonated 7-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline reagent such that for both Sn:Rh ratios, the same Rh? Sn complex is found in the aqueous feed and in the fully loaded organic. In addition, it was found that [Rh^I(SnCl₃)₅]^4? is preferentially extracted over excess free Sn(II). Preliminary characterization of the complex stripped from the 12:1 loaded organic using 1·7 M H₂SO₄ shows an Rh? Sn complex having a ratio of 5:1 Sn:Rh.     

Latent variable structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory in a sample of persons with spinal cord injuries.

Investigated the presence of underlying factors which may be helpful in understanding Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) item responses with 215 inpatientsresponse with spinal cord injuries. BSI scores were analyzed with principal components and maximum-likelihood factor estimation, and 6 factors were retained: anxiety, depression, mental blocks, interpersonal sensitivity, spinal cord injury, and hostile suspiciousness. Examination of factor content indicated their relevance to aspects of the rehabilitation process. Evidence for construct validity was examined by comparing the factor scores of persons who were rehospitalized versus persons who were not rehospitalized in the first year following initial rehabilitation. The rehospitalized group had higher BSI depression, mental blocks, and spinal cord injury factor scores prior to discharge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Forgetting of pictures over a long retention interval in young and older adults.

Young and older adults were presented with pictures for study. Their recognition of the information was tested at five retention intervals: immediately, and 48 hr, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks later. The main finding of interest was that picture recognition did not show an age-related decline until the 1-week retention interval. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexual fantasies of females as a function of sex guilt and experimental response cues.

Investigated the effects of response cues (erotic, romantic, or neutral) and level of sex guilt on the self-reported sexual fantasies of 90 undergraduate females. Ss completed a sex guilt inventory (Masher Forced-Choice Guilt Inventory—Female Form), the Nowlis Mood Adjective Check List, the Fantasy Theme Checklist, and ratings of their affective responses and physiological arousal associated with the writing of the fantasies. High sex guilt Ss preferred fantasy themes indicating a lack of responsibility for engaging in sexual interaction. Ss in the erotic fantasy condition wrote more explicit fantasies and described more varied content. Arousal seemed to be affected by the response cuing in the predicted direction but not by the Ss' guilt levels. Sex guilt level seemed to be a better predictor of affective responses, such as guilt and embarrassment, than the response cuing. Results suggest that sexual fantasy behavior may be part of a cluster of sexual behaviors governed by an individual's level of sex guilt. It is suggested that the demonstration that fantasy production seemed to be influenced by situational demands has implications for collection and use of fantasy information by both clinicians and researchers. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Unrealistic expectations and problem-solving ability in maltreating and comparison mothers.

Administered a child development questionnaire, a parent opinion questionnaire, and a parent problem-solving instrument to 10 abusing mothers, 10 neglectful mothers, and 10 matched nonabusing mothers to determine differences in expectations and problem solving. Results show that both groups of maltreating Ss had significantly greater unrealistic expectations and poorer problem-solving skills than did comparison Ss. No differences were found between Ss in the 2 maltreating groups. It is suggested that interventions aimed at modifying faulty expectations and training problem-solving skills would be helpful to maltreating mothers. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)