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111.
Kameyama H. Miyajima T. Zhi Ding 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2008,55(3):851-860
In multicarrier systems, when the order of a channel impulse response is larger than the length of the cyclic prefix (CP), there is a significant performance degradation due to interblock interference (IBI). This paper proposes a blind-channel shortening method in which the equalizer parameter vector is formed by the noise subspace of the received signal correlation matrix so that the output power is maximized. The proposed method can not only shorten the effective channel impulse response to within the CP length but also maximize the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio while eliminating the IBI. We point out that the performance depends on the choice of a decision delay and propose a simple method for determining the appropriate delay. We propose both a batch algorithm and an adaptive algorithm and show by simulation that they are superior to the conventional algorithms. 相似文献
112.
Eng Leong Tan Ding Yu Heh 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2008,18(5):296-298
This letter presents an unconditionally stable alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method with fourth order accuracy in time. Analytical proof of unconditional stability and detailed analysis of numerical dispersion are presented. Compared to second order ADI-FDTD and six-steps SS-FDTD, the fourth order ADI-FDTD generally achieves lower phase velocity error for sufficiently fine mesh. Using finer mesh gridding also reduces the phase velocity error floor, which dictates the accuracy limit due to spatial discretization errors when the time step size is reduced further. 相似文献
113.
Yun‐Seok Cho Bheong‐Uk Lee Kye‐Heon Oh 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(9):1211-1217
BACKGROUND: Environmental contamination by nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐s‐triazine (RDX), atrazine, and/or simazine (TRAS) generated as waste from military and agricultural activities is a serious worldwide problem. Microbiological treatment of these compounds is an attractive method because many explosives and herbicides are biodegradable and the process can be made cost‐effective. We explored the feasibility of using cultures of Pseudomonas putida HK‐6 for simultaneous degradation of TRAS with the aim of microbial application in wastewater treatment in bench‐scale bioreactors. RESULTS: Experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplemental carbons, nitrogens, and Tween‐80 on the degradation of Ps. putida HK‐6 in media containing TRAS as target substrate(s). The most effective TRAS degradation was shown in the presence of molasses. Addition of nitrogen sources produced a delayed effect for the target substrate(s). Tween‐80 enhanced the degradation of target substrate(s). Simultaneous degradation of these compounds proceeded to completion within the given period. CONCLUSIONS: Ps. putida HK‐6 was capable of growth with TRAS, and the effects of supplements on TRAS degradation and simultaneous TRAS degradation were evaluated in bench‐scale bioreactors. The results of this study have practical applications in the processes of industrial waste stream treatment where the disposal of TRAS may be problematic. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
114.
1项目背景1.1公司面临的内外形势一方面,市场竞争加剧,客户对时间、价格、质量及个性化服务的要求越来越苛刻,市场瞬息万变,定单忽多忽少;另一方面,企业生产计划不准确,订单无法及时交付,库存积压严重。企业粗放式的管理造成产品成本居高不下,效率降低,越来越不能适应市场的需要,企业在行业中的排名也逐年下滑。 相似文献
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116.
Bin Xie Shi X.Q. Han Ding 《Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on》2008,31(2):361-369
In an anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) assembly, the electrical conduction is usually achieved with the conductive particles between the bumps of integrated circuit (IC) and corresponding conductive tracks on the glass substrate. Fully understanding of the mechanical and electrical characteristics of ACA particles can help to optimize the assembly process and improve the reliability of ACA interconnection. Most conductive particles used in the ACA assembly are with cracks in the metal coating of the particles after the ACA bonding. This paper introduced the fracture analysis by applying the cohesive elements in the numerical model of the nickel-coated polymer particle and further simulating the cracks initiation and propagation in the nickel coating during the ACA bonding. The simulation results showed that the stress distribution on the nickel-coated particle with cracks was significantly different from that on the nickel-coated particle without crack, indicating that the stress analysis by taking the crack into consideration is very important for the reliability assessment of the ACA interconnection. The stress analysis of cohesive elements indicated that the cracks initiated at the central area of the nickel coating and propagated to the polar area. Furthermore, by the introduction of a new parameter of the virtual resistance, a mathematical model was established to describe the electrical characteristics of the nickel-coated particle with cracks. The particle resistance of the nickel-coated particle with cracks was found to be much higher than that of the particle without crack in the optimized bonding pressure range, indicating that it is necessary to take the crack into consideration for the particle conduction analysis as well. Therefore, the fracture analysis on the conductive particle by taking the crack into consideration could accurately evaluate the reliability of ACA interconnection and avoid serious reliability issues. 相似文献
117.
常压渣油热反应过程中胶体的稳定性 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
利用质量分数电导率方法研究了中东和克拉玛依常压渣油在热反应过程中胶体的稳定性。结果表明,随着反应时间的增长,在热反应生焦诱导期内,渣油的胶体稳定性迅速下降;开始生焦后,胶体稳定性缓慢下降。从中东常压渣油的SARA四组分的数均相对分子质量、碳氢元素组成、平均芳碳率等方面探讨了中东常压渣油在热反应过程中胶体稳定性下降的原因。结果表明,在热反应中,由于裂解和缩聚反应的共同作用,使渣油的沥青质和饱和分含量上升,芳香分含量下降,胶质含量变化不大;随着热反应的进行,四组分的数均相对分子质量均呈下降趋势,导致了渣油胶体稳定性的下降并发生生焦反应。 相似文献
118.
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120.
Yun‐Hwei Shen 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(5):581-586
A novel strategy of sweep coagulation to treat low turbidity water is presented herein. Study findings demonstrated that an Na+‐saturated bentonite with medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) resulted in significant turbidity removal at a bentonite dosage of 30 mg dm?3. Bentonite dispersion with fully delaminated platelets tended to undergo a more porous type of coagulation with intense face‐to‐face interactions of platelets and effectively entrapped TiO2 particles in band‐type structures. This type of coagulation usually results in a large volume of settled flocs with a fluffy structure and excellent turbidity removal efficiency for sweep coagulation. The sign and magnitude of electrical charge on TiO2 particles has a minor effect on the efficiency of sweep coagulation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献