Modifying supervisory practices to improve subunit safety: A leadership-based intervention model.

This article presents a leadership-based intervention model designed to modify supervisory monitoring and rewarding of subordinates' safety performance. Line supervisors received weekly feedback based on repeated episodic interviews with subordinates concerning the cumulative frequency of their safety-oriented interactions. This information identified the priority of safety over competing goals such as speed or schedules. Section managers received the same information and used it to communicate (high) safety priority. They also were trained to conduct episodic interviews to provide intermittent feedback after intervention, turning safety priority into an explicit performance goal. Safety-oriented interaction increased significantly in the experimental groups but remained unchanged in the control groups. This change in safety-oriented interaction was accompanied by significant (and stable) changes in minor injury rate, earplug use, and safety climate scores during the postintervention period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Capacitance voltage characterization of poly SiSiO2Si structures

The high frequency C-V characteristics of poly SiSiO₂Si capacitors have been studied. It is shown that the poly SiSiO₂Si capacitor C-V characteristics are significantly different from the corresponding metal-SiO₂Si capacitor due to field penetration into the poly Si layer. A comparison of the theoretical and measured C-V characteristics gives an estimate of the surface state charge density at the poly SiSiO₂ interface and indicates that the surface potential behavior of this interface is trap and surface state dominated up to poly silicon impurity concentrations of approximately 10¹⁷ cm^?3.     

Knowledge exchange in the shrines of knowledge: The “how’s” and “where’s” of knowledge sharing processes

Academic conferences are places of situated learning dedicated to the exchange of knowledge. Knowledge is exchanged between colleagues who are looking to enhance their future research by taking part in several formal and informal settings (lectures, discussions and social events). We studied the processes of knowledge sharing and the influence of the use of IT at the International Conference of Information Systems (ICIS2007) held in Montréal. We describe the categories of knowledge content shared at the conference. Two forms of knowledge sharing were analyzed: formal, guided, planned knowledge sharing in lectures or discussions, and informal knowledge exchange during social events. Data were collected from 274 participants at the conference. The intensity of knowledge sharing in the formal settings was higher compared to the informal settings and was perceived as contributing to future research and to the creation of social relationships. In contrast, informal knowledge sharing contributed mainly to job enhancement and to the initiation of meetings. The discussion centers on planning and evaluating conferences in terms of seeking, creating and sustaining knowledge sharing.     

Precarious manhood.

The authors report 5 studies that demonstrate that manhood, in contrast to womanhood, is seen as a precarious state requiring continual social proof and validation. Because of this precariousness, they argue that men feel especially threatened by challenges to their masculinity. Certain male-typed behaviors, such as physical aggression, may result from this anxiety. Studies 1-3 document a robust belief in (a) the precarious nature of manhood relative to womanhood and (b) the idea that manhood is defined more by social proof than by biological markers. Study 4 demonstrates that when the precarious nature of manhood is made salient through feedback indicating gender-atypical performance, men experience heightened feelings of threat, whereas similar negative gender feedback has no effect on women. Study 5 suggests that threatening manhood (but not womanhood) activates physically aggressive thoughts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mechanically stabilized walls over soft clay: Geosynthetic to prevent deep-seated failures

Mechanically stabilized walls can sometimes be economically constructed over poor foundations such as a soft clay. A major design concern in such a case, however, is the stability against deep-seated failure where the potential slip surface passes through the unreinforced backfill and the clayey foundation. To attain a prescribed safety margin against deep-seated instability, a high-strength geosynthetic sheet, placed at the backfill-clay interface, can be used. The objective of this paper is to present an analysis method which enables the user to determine the required distribution of tensile resistance of the reinforcing sheet and therefore can be used as a design tool. The analysis is based on limit-equilibrium and by virtue of the mechanism used it is rigorous in the sense that no statical assumptions are utilized. Its predictions compare favorably with some conventional methods; its application, however, is easier. It is demonstrated how the analysis results can be condensed into a useful format of design charts. Since the direction of the reinforcement's tensile resistance is not known, a zone is suggested within which is the probably required distribution of this force.     

Trichothecium roseum的酸碱属性及pH值对其胞外酶活性和致病性的影响

目的：明确粉红单端孢（Trichothecium roseum）侵染果实的酸碱性质,测定3 种pH值孢子悬浮液接种对苹果果实病斑直径及胞外酶活性的影响。方法：用T. roseum接种“富士”苹果,测定果实病斑处的pH值变化。用pH值分别为3、5和7的孢子悬浮液接种果实,观察接种对果实病斑直径及病斑处果胶酶和纤维素酶活性的影响。结果：T. roseum接种后果实病斑处的pH值显著升高,由第0天的3.54升高至第12天的4.84,提高了36.7%。3 种pH值孢子悬浮液接种果实后,以pH 7接种的果实病斑直径最大,第9天时分别高出pH 5与pH 3接种的35.2%与68.0%。pH 7接种的果实病斑处具有最高的果胶酶及纤维素酶活性,第9天时的果胶甲酯酶、果胶甲基多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性分别为pH 3接种的2.95、1.61 倍和1.68 倍,为pH 5接种的2、1.25 倍和1.39 倍。此外,pH 7接种的果实病斑处纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶第9天的活性分别为pH 3接种的1.97 倍和1.64 倍,为pH 5接种的1.33 倍和1.3 倍。结论：T. roseum属碱化菌,中性或偏碱环境可提高该菌损伤接种苹果果实病斑处的胞外酶活性,增强其致病性。     

Limited reinforced space in segmental retaining walls

Current design of geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining walls considers an a priori limitless length for reinforcement installation. Such length is typically 0.5–0.7 times the height of the wall. However, often there are constraints on such space; e.g., bedrock formation located at a small distance behind the facing. The objective of this note is to introduce a procedure for assessing the required long-term strength of the reinforcement while considering its limited length. Predictions by a conventional slope stability analysis were first checked against a continuum-mechanics based numerical analysis. Upon obtaining good agreement, a design chart was developed. The chart enables the determination of the reduction in the lateral earth pressure coefficient due to the constrained space. The revised earth pressure coefficient can be used with current analytical methods to account for the limited space. The results appear to be valid for conventional walls retaining a limited volume of soil. Comparison with limited experimental results for unreinforced backfill shows reasonably good agreement.