A new laser Doppler flowmeter prototype for depth dependent monitoring of skin microcirculation

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is now commonly used in clinical research to monitor microvascular blood flow. However, the dependence of the LDF signal on the microvascular architecture is still unknown. That is why we propose a new laser Doppler flowmeter for depth dependent monitoring of skin microvascular perfusion. This new laser Doppler flowmeter combines for the first time, in a device, several wavelengths and different spaced detection optical fibres. The calibration of the new apparatus is herein presented together with in vivo validation. Two in vivo validation tests are performed. In the first test, signals collected in the ventral side of the forearm are analyzed; in the second test, signals collected in the ventral side of the forearm are compared with signals collected in the hand palm. There are good indicators that show that different wavelengths and fibre distances probe different skin perfusion layers. However, multiple scattering may affect the results, namely the ones obtained with the larger fibre distance. To clearly understand the wavelength effect in LDF measurements, other tests have to be performed.     

美国火电厂烟气排放限值及控制技术

美国火电厂烟气排放限值及控制技术在过去的37年内不断发展进步.受限制的排放物越来越多,而且对每种污染物的限值日益严格.总结了当今美国使用的排放限值及控制技术,并展望了未来的排放限值及潜在的排放控制技术.     

右值引用概述

右值引用（Rvalue Reference）是对C＋＋语言的一个技术小扩展。有了它,程序员可以在逻辑上规避临时对象的无谓复制,即搬移语义（move Semantics）,并可实现完美转发（perfect forwarding）。本文是对右值引用这个C＋＋语言新特性的概述。     

A global optimization strategy for predicting alpha-helical protein tertiary structure

We present a global optimization strategy that incorporates predicted restraints in both a local optimization context and as directives for global optimization approaches, to predict protein tertiary structure for alpha-helical proteins. Specifically, neural networks are used to predict the secondary structure of a protein, restraints are defined as manifestations of the network with a predicted secondary structure and the secondary structure is formed using local minimizations on a protein energy surface, in the presence of the restraints. Those residues predicted to be coil, by the network, define a conformational sub-space that is subject to optimization using a global approach known as stochastic perturbation that has been found to be effective for Lennard-Jones clusters and homo-polypeptides. Our energy surface is an all-atom 'gas phase' molecular mechanics force field, that is combined with a new solvation energy function that penalizes hydrophobic group exposure. This energy function gives the crystal structure of four different alpha-helical proteins as the lowest energy structure relative to other conformations, with correct secondary structure but incorrect tertiary structure. We demonstrate this global optimization strategy by determining the tertiary structure of the A-chain of the alpha-helical protein, uteroglobin and of a four-helix bundle, DNA binding protein.     

精灵王子手办帅气降临

传说中的精灵一族除了以美貌身手见称外,长寿亦是其特点之一。在这漫长岁月中,经历无尽空虚与寂寞,百年孤独非笔墨可形容。在众多奇幻作品及RPG游戏中出现的精灵和人类外形很像,它耳朵尖尖,是美丽长寿之种族。一般它们以森林为家(暗精灵则住在地下),喜爱自然,情感细腻,声音旋律优美,天生就是诗人和舞蹈家;在昏暗条件下它的视野也是人     

真名法典——莉丝 花瓣之风清纯动人

E2046推出此款来自游戏《真名法典》的手办模型莉丝。游戏故事发生在兰斯海姆大陆,1000年前大陆曾因为战争而频临灭绝边境,就在这个时候英雄斯托拉斯自我牺牲     

Transport Properties of K_xV_2O_5·nH_2O Nanocrystalline Films

Five different compositions of K x V 2 O 5 ·nH 2 O(where x=0.00,0.0017,0.0049,0.0064 and 0.0091 mol) were prepared by the sol-gel process.Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power were measured parallel to the substrate surface in the temperature range of 300-480 K.The electrical conductivity showed that all samples were semiconductors and that conductivity increased with increasing K content.The conductivity of the present system was primarily determined by hopping carrier mobility.The carrier density was evaluated as well.The conduction was confirmed to obey non-adiabatic small polaron hopping.The thermoelectric power or Seebeck effect,increased with increasing K ions content.The results obtained indicated that an n-type semiconducting behavior within the temperature range was investigated.     

Relevance of the skewness index in DTI exploration of multiple sclerosis

Object  To this day, no parameter can really monitor the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, an index the skewness (S) derived from parameters calculated in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been tested on MS patients for its ability to monitor the disease course. Materials and methods  Eighteen patients underwent two examinations within 3 months consisting of a clinical evaluation (EDSS) and DTI acquisitions on a 1.5 T imager. Tensor was calculated thanks to“home-made” software. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) histograms were described for normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (GM) of patients with S and also with usually indices peak position (pp) and peak height (ph) for the whole group of patients and for two separate groups according to their clinical status (EDSS  ≤  3 and EDSS  > 3 at month 0). Results  Although no significant clinical evolution is observed over 3 months, S in GM showed a significant shift for both MD/FA histograms towards abnormal values for the whole group of patients (p = 0.02/p = 0.04) and for the group with EDSS  ≤  3 (p = 0.04/p = 0.007), while ph and pp do not. Conclusion  S in GM could be an alternative marker to monitor the disease course before the repercussion on the clinical score.     

On the intersubject generalization ability in extracting kinematic information from afferent nervous signals

In the recent past, many efforts have been carried out in order to evaluate the feasibility of implementing closed-loop controlled neuroprostheses based on the processing of sensory electroneurographic (ENG) signals. The success of these techniques mostly relies on the development of processing algorithms capable of extracting the necessary kinematic information from these signals. Soft-computing algorithms can be very useful when dealing with the complexity of the neuromuscular system because of their generalization ability and model-free structure. In this paper, these techniques were used to extract angular position information from the ENG signals recorded from muscle afferents in animal model using cuff electrodes. Specifically, a genetic algorithm-based dynamic nonsingleton fuzzy logic system (named GA-DNSFLS) was developed and tested on different types of angular trajectories (characterized by small or large angular excursions). In particular, two different Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-like structures were used in the consequent part of the neuro-fuzzy model in order to verify which one could improve the generalization abilities (intrasubject and intersubject). The results showed that the GA-DNSFLS was able to reconstruct the trajectories giving interesting results in terms of correlation between the actual and the predicted trajectories for small excursion movements during intrasubject and intersubject tests. Particularly, one of the TSK models showed better results in terms of intersubject generalization. The simulations conducted with the large excursion movements led in some cases to interesting results but further experiments are necessary in order to analyze this point more in deep.