Comment on "In vivo flow cytometry reveals a circadian rhythm of circulating tumor cells"

Dear Editor, Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are instrumental in hematogenous metastasis and are widely studied using liquid biopsy methods.     

A 2-D PIC/MC/Vlasov method for electrostatic fusion discharges

A kinetic plasma simulation is presented for an Electrostatic Fusion device operating at units and tens of mTorr. The simulation included particle-in-cell (PIC), Monte Carlo (MC) and Vlasov equation components. The simulation was designed to model these devices including previously neglected atomic physics interactions and to subsequently generate experimental Doppler spectra for verification. The large variation in plasma conditions in the different regions of these devices required a number of different mitigating techniques. A novel kinetic treatment of cold electrons is presented.     

光电高温计在双辉等离子渗金属测温中的应用研究

为准确测量双辉等离子渗金属中的工件温度，借助自行研制的一套热电偶测温实验装置，采用比对实验的手段，得出了在碳钢表面常规双辉等离子渗金属过程中，准确选定光电高温计的材料发射率修正系数的方法。     

How good are clinical MEDLINE searches? A comparative study of clinical end-user and librarian searches

The objective of this study was to determine the quality of MEDLINE searches done by physicians, physician trainees, and expert searchers (clinicians and librarians). Its design was an analytic survey with independent replication in a setting of self-service online searching from medical wards, an intensive care unit, a coronary care unit, an emergency room, and an ambulatory clinic in a 300-bed teaching hospital. Participating were all M.D. clinical clerks, house, and attending staff responsible for patients in the above settings. Intervention for all participants consisted of a 2-h small group class and 1-h practice session on MEDLINE searching (GRATEFUL MED) before free access to MEDLINE. Search questions from 104 randomly selected novice searches were given to 1 of 13 clinicians with prior search experience and 1 of 3 librarians to run independent searches (triplicated searches). Measurements and main results from these unique citations of the triplicated searches were sent to expert clinicians to rate for relevance (7-point scale). Recall (number of relevant citations retrieved from an individual search divided by the total number of relevant citations from all searches on the same topic) and precision (proportion of relevant citations retrieved in each search) were calculated. Librarians were significantly better than novices for both. Librarians had equivalent recall to, and better precision than, experienced end-users. Unexpectedly, only 20% of relevant citations were retrieved by more than one search of the set of three, with the conclusion that novice searchers on MEDLINE via GRATEFUL MED after brief training have relatively low recall and precision. Recall improves with experience but precision remains suboptimal. Further research is needed to determine the "learning curve," evaluate training interventions, and explore the non-overlapping retrieval of relevant citations by different searchers.     

欧洲电力需求侧管理对中国的启示(上)——来自中国赴欧洲电力需求侧管理的培训报告

学习借鉴欧洲国家开展电力需求侧管理的经验,对促进我国电力需求侧管理深入发展、建设资源节约型社会具有重要现实意义。全面介绍了欧盟成员国在开展需求侧管理、能效管理、能源服务等方面的行政法规、标准标识、财税政策以及市场激励、市场交易、市场竞争机制,在建筑节能和发展可再生能源方面形成的相关的制度体系。分析了我国电力需求侧管理工作的不足,并从出发点、政府作用、实施重点和实施手段上进行了国际比较,对进一步推动电力需求侧管理工作提出了加强法律法规建设、加快建立激励机制、加强标准和评估体系建设、大力开发应用新技术等政策性建议。深入挖掘电力需求侧管理资源,应成为我国建设节约型社会的重要战略举措。     

Pain assessment and management in older adults: Conceptual issues and clinical challenges.

This article reviews clinical pain assessment and psychological pain management in older persons through the lens of a Communications Model of Pain (Craig, in press; Hadjistavropoulos & Craig, 2002; Hadjistavropoulos, Craig, & Fuchs-Lacelle, 2004; Prkachin & Craig, 1995). The Communications Model of Pain has the advantage of drawing attention to a variety of important factors that come into play when selecting assessment instruments and when making decisions concerning intervention. The authors examine a variety of assessment methodologies (including both self-report and observational approaches) that are suitable for older persons with and without dementia. The authors also review psychosocial pain management methods (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy and applications of behavioral approaches within long-term care facilities) that have potential applications with older persons. The role of psychological service providers is emphasized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Understanding web site redesigns in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): a U.K.-based study on the applicability of e-commerce Stage Models

Despite the efforts of governments and the various support programmes, achievement of advanced stages of e-commerce by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is still very low. There have been some attempts to study the dynamic nature of websites, but there is still little research evidence to explain why and how SMEs evolve their web presence. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive classification of drivers for web site redesign based on interviews with various members of staff from SMEs in the U.K. that have recently redesigned their web sites. A sequential mixed-methodological analysis, involving the use of qualitative and quantitative data analysis, was used to develop the classification. This enabled the development of a framework that classified seven main categories of drivers for web site redesign. The drivers identified were: changing business requirements, evolving internet strategies, addressing user needs, maintenance, changing technology, pressure from peers/competitors, and the influence of developers. However, only the first four were found to be significant in the study. The categorisation and the findings suggest a number of key determinants not explicitly addressed by other work. In addition, the findings provide little support for the staged approach to e-commerce progression as few companies reported the implementation of sophisticated internet technology features as a main reason for their web site redesigns. The contributions of this paper are firstly, to provide an instrument to the academic and practitioner communities interested in the topic of web site evolution. Secondly, the categorisation of drivers for redesign and the individual reasons found in this study are expected to provide assistance to SME managers to justify, plan and strategise internet investments realistically and effectively.     

煤制脱硫剂的微孔结构及其对SO_2/N_2混合气的分离机理

研究了以不同挥发份含量的煤为原料、在不同炭化及活化条件下制成的脱硫剂的微孔结构特征和对SO_2的吸附容量,对脱硫剂的形貌进行了扫描电镜观察,根据煤制脱硫剂的孔径分布特征和SO_2分子尺寸,确定出SO_2/N_2混合气的分离机理应属平衡分离。     

Agile Practices Reduce Distance in Global Software Development

This article explores how agile practices can reduce three kinds of “distance” - temporal, geographical, and sociocultural - in global software development (GSD). On the basis of two in-depth case studies, specific Scrum and eXtreme Programming (XP) practices are found to be useful for reducing communication, coordination, and control problems that have been associated with GSD.