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51.
A fast and exact procedure for the numerical synthesis of stationary multivariate Gaussian time series with a priori prescribed and well controlled auto- and cross-covariance functions is proposed. It is based on extending the circulant embedding technique to the multivariate case and can be viewed as a modification and variation around the Chan and Wood algorithm proposed earlier to solve the same problem. The procedure is shown to yield time series possessing exactly the desired covariance structure, when sufficient conditions are satisfied. Such conditions are discussed theoretically and examined on several examples of multivariate time series models. Issues related to prescribing a priori the spectral structure rather than the covariance one are also discussed. Matlab routines implementing this procedure are publicly available at http://www.hermir.org. 相似文献
52.
Hannes Federrath Christoph Gerber Dominik Herrmann 《Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD》2011,35(11):791-796
Die Analyse der Aktivit?ten eines Internet-Nutzers ist über l?ngere Zeit in der Regel nur mit Kenntnis der bei vielen Internet-Zugangsprovidern
mindestens einmal t?glich wechselnden IP-Adressen m?glich. Verwendet der Nutzer zudem einen Anonymisierungsdienst, sollte
eine Verkettung der Nutzer-Aktivit?ten auch für den Zugangsprovider unm?glich sein. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass eine verhaltensbasierte
Verkettung dennoch m?glich ist und verbreitete Anonymisierungsl?sungen in der Praxis einen deutlich geringeren Schutz vor
Beobachtung bieten, als bisher angenommen. 相似文献
53.
Raul Bermejo Hannes Grünbichler Josef Kreith Christoph Auer 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2010,30(3):705-712
The fracture resistance behaviour of a doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic after combined thermo-mechanical loading is investigated between room temperature (RT) and 400 °C, i.e. above the Curie temperature (TC). The thermal- and stress-induced depolarisation effects due to domain switching have been assessed by the indentation method on bulk PZTs. This has been extended to multilayered actuators. Experimental findings show a depolarisation effect with the temperature, which is significantly enhanced when combined with mechanical loading. This partial or even full depolarisation of the PZT material below TC leads to important anisotropy effects in the fracture resistance of the piezo-ceramic, which should be taking into account in the design of multilayer actuators where the direction of crack propagation (i.e. parallel or normal to electrodes) can affect the actuator functionality. 相似文献
54.
Paul Simon Rameshwar Adhikari Hannes Lichte Goerg H. Michler Marc Langela 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2005,96(5):1573-1583
Many of the artifacts of conventional electron microscopy can be avoided if the unstained polymers are studied by electron holography and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Holograms of thin sections (50–70 nm) of organic block copolymers were recorded, and the corresponding phase images were reconstructed. In this way, typical structures such as lamellae and cylinders could be imaged without any staining. In addition, we successfully recorded holograms and performed Lorentz microscopy of an impact‐modified polystyrene (high‐impact polystyrene). The results were compared with the tapping mode AFM phase images. Electron holography and AFM have been demonstrated as suitable tools to image unstained heterogeneous polymers, leading to the understanding of their structure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1573–1583, 2005 相似文献
55.
Andrs Kovcs Martial Duchamp Rafal E. Dunin‐Borkowski Rositza Yakimova Pter L. Neumann Hannes Behmenburg Bartosz Foltynski Cristoph Giesen Michael Heuken Bla Pcz 《Advanced Materials Interfaces》2015,2(2)
The implementation of graphene layers in gallium nitride (GaN) heterostructure growth can solve self‐heating problems in nitride‐based high‐power electronic and light‐emitting optoelectronic devices. In the present study, high‐quality GaN layers are grown on patterned graphene layers and 6H–SiC by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A periodic pattern of graphene layers is fabricated on 6H–SiC by using polymethyl methacrylate deposition and electron beam lithography, followed by etching using an Ar/O2 gas atmosphere. Prior to GaN growth, an AlN buffer layer and an Al0.2Ga0.8N transition layer are deposited. The atomic structures of the interfaces between the 6H–SiC and graphene, as well as between the graphene and AlN, are studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Phase separation of the Al0.2Ga0.8N transition layer into an AlN and GaN superlattice is observed. Above the continuous graphene layers, polycrystalline defective GaN is rapidly overgrown by better quality single‐crystalline GaN from the etched regions. The lateral overgrowth of GaN results in the presence of a low density of dislocations (≈109 cm−2) and inversion domains and the formation of a smooth GaN surface. 相似文献
56.
Andreas Mauerer Bastian Lange Goetz Hannes Welsch Frank Heidenau Werner Adler Raimund Forst Richard Heiner Richter 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2014,25(3):813-821
The aim of this study was the investigation of a copper-filled TiO2 coating, that in vitro showed good antibacterial properties combined with good tissue tolerance in an animal model. To better understand the antibacterial mechanism of the bioactive coating the release of copper (Cu) ions over time was monitored to be able to detect possible threats as well as possible fields of application. 30 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups with 15 animals per group. In group 1 (control group) Ti6Al4 V bolts were implanted into the distal femur, in group 2 the Ti6Al4 V bolts were coated with four TiO2-coatings with integrated Cu2+-ions (4 × Cu–TiO2). Blood tests were performed weekly until the animals were sacrificed 4 weeks postoperative. The maximum peak of Cu and ceruloplasmin concentration could be seen in both groups one week postoperative, whereas the Cu values in group II were significantly higher. The Cu concentration in both groups approximated the initial basic values 4 weeks postoperative. The 4 × Cu–TiO2 coating tested in our rabbit model for total knee arthroplasty is an active coating that releases potentially antibacterial Cu2+ for 4 weeks with a peak 1 week postoperative. The bioactive coating could be a promising approach for a use in the field of implant related infection, orthopaedic revision and tumor surgery in the future. 相似文献
57.
Michael Körner Falk Röder Kilian Lenz Monika Fritzsche Jürgen Lindner Hannes Lichte Jürgen Fassbender 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,10(24):5161-5169
By means of off‐axis electron holography the local distribution of the magnetic induction within and around a poly‐crystalline Permalloy (Ni81Fe19) thin film is studied. In addition the stray field above the sample is measured by magnetic force microscopy on a larger area. The film is deposited on a periodically nanostructured (rippled) Si substrate, which was formed by Xe+ ion beam erosion. This introduces the periodical ripple shape to the Permalloy film. The created ripple morphology is expected to modify the magnetization distribution within the Permalloy and to induce dipolar stray fields. These stray fields play an important role in spinwave dynamics of periodic nanostructures like magnonic crystals. Micromagnetic simulations estimate those stray fields in the order of only 10 mT. Consequently, their experimental determination at nanometer spatial resolution is highly demanding and requires advanced acquisition and reconstruction techniques such as electron holography. The reconstructed magnetic phase images show the magnetized thin film, in which the magnetization direction follows mainly the given morphology. Furthermore, a closer look to the Permalloy/carbon interface reveals stray fields at the detection limit of the method in the order of 10 mT, which is in qualitative agreement with the micromagnetic simulations. 相似文献
58.
Understanding the nature and dynamics of Africa’s collaborative research networks is critical for building and integrating
the African innovation system. This paper investigates the collaborative structure of the African research systems, with focus
on regions and integration. Drawing on a bibliometric analysis of co-authorship of African research publications in 2005–2009,
we propose an empirically derived grouping of African research community into three distinct research regions: Southern–Eastern,
Western, and Northern. The three regions are established and defined in terms of active co-authorship clusters within Africa,
as well as through co-authorship links with non-African countries and regions. We examine co-authorship links both at the
national and city levels in order to provide a robust and nuanced empirical basis for the three African research regions.
The collaboration patterns uncovered cast light on the emerging innovation systems in Africa by pointing out the differing
national, regional, and global roles of countries and cities within collaborative research networks. Lack of research capabilities
is the primary factor arresting the development of African innovation systems, but our analysis also suggests that Africa’s
internal research collaboration suffers from structural weaknesses and uneven integration. We also identify that South Africa,
and some emerging new research hubs, hold critical networking function for linking African researchers. 相似文献
59.
Objective
This study aimed to identify subtypes of young moped drivers and analyze how these subtypes are involved in risk preferences and road crashes.Design
A group of Austrian teenage moped drivers (213, 28% girls) completed an online questionnaire about moped usage, injuries, driving style, inattention, impulsivity, and personality according to the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Cloninger's model of personality.Results
A cluster analysis yielded four types of moped drivers. One type was characterized by a high level of neuroticism, the second type was characterized by a risky personality and a risky driving style, the third type had a more cautious driving style, and the fourth type was characterized by a risky personality and high levels on inattention and impulsivity.Conclusions
Our conclusions suggest that young moped drivers should not be perceived as a homogenous group, according to measures of injury prevention and intervention. 相似文献60.
LS Taams AJ van Rensen MC Poelen CA van Els AC Besseling JP Wagenaar W van Eden MH Wauben 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,28(9):2902-2912
We here show that anergic T cells are active mediators of T cell suppression. In co-culture experiments, we found that anergic T cells, derived from established rat T cell clones and rendered anergic via T cell presentation of the specific antigen (Ag), were active inhibitors of T cell responses. Anergic T cells inhibited not only the responses of T cells with the same Ag specificity as the anergic T cells, but were also capable of efficiently inhibiting polyclonal T cell responses directed to other epitopes. This suppression required close cell-cell contact between antigen-presenting cells (APC), anergic T cells and responder T cells, and only occurred when the epitope recognized by the anergic T cell was present. The suppression was not caused by passive competition for ligands on the APC surface, IL-2 consumption, or cytolysis, and was not mediated by soluble factors derived from anergic T cells that were stimulated with their specific Ag. When responder T cells were added 24 h after co-culturing anergic cells in the presence of Ag and APC, T cell responses were still suppressed, indicating that the suppressive effect was persistently present. However, anergic T cells were not able to suppress responder T cells that had already received a full activation signal. We propose that suppression by anergic T cells is mediated via the APC, either through modulation of the T cell-activating capacity of the APC (APC/T cell interaction), or by inhibition of T cells recognizing their ligand in close proximity on the same APC (T/T cell interaction). 相似文献