Assessing the reliability of switchgear based on censored statistical information

An assessment of the reliability of a switchgear based on the results of normal testing of electrical endurance and the censored statistical information has been carried out, and a more appropriate law has been found.     

Modeling processes in onboard systems of cars

An approach to calculating the values of the total-resistance components of the equivalent circuits of electrical loads is proposed. This approach is used for the numerical simulation and development of digital control systems algorithms for compensating devices. Analytical expressions are given and checked for adequacy.     

Development and trends of applications of the new types of turbogenerators with vector system of field control

The results of the application of asynchronized turbogenerators with vector control and biaxial excitation in the Russian electric power system are presented. Since 2003, five air-cooled asynchronized turbogenerators with powers of 110, 160, and 320 W have been in operation at heat electric power stations. The main results of their testing and operation are given.     

Powers and speeds in electromechanical systems: Hybrid propulsion systems in cars

Mathematical expressions for determining the moments and speeds of the elements of planetary gearboxes are obtained. The possible modes of the operation of an internal combustion engine (ICE) combined with two electric machines are shown. The relation between powers of electric machines and the geometrical parameters of the planetary gear is achieved.     

Formation of liquid film downstream of an atomizer and its disintegration in gaseous medium

Results from experimental and calculation studies of liquid film downstream of a dual-orifice centrifugal atomizer are presented. It is revealed that film generated downstream of an atomizer with a specified geometry may exist in different forms, which depend only on the liquid flow rate.     

Thermal methods of reprocessing wood and peat for power engineering purposes

Methods of thermal reprocessing of wood and peat to obtain high-calorific gas mixtures are considered. The comparison of the existing technologies and those under development as to heating values of the gas mixtures obtained, quantitative yield of these mixtures, and effectiveness of transformation of the initial raw material into gas is given. Certain attention is paid for the analysis of a possibility to put into effect waste-less technologies.     

Small-angle scattering study of colloidal particles in heavy crude oils

The structural and dispersion characteristics of samples of heavy crude oils and fractions isolated from them have been studied. A method of in situ analysis of the aggregation of asphaltenes directly in crude oils on the basis of small-angle X-ray scattering is proposed. It has been shown that the maximum size of scattering particles in all crude oil samples is limited to the value on the order of 8.0 nm; the average diameter is ∼2.0 nm. It has been found that the fraction with sizes of 0.8–2.5 nm is mostly composed of resins. Asphaltenes in crude oils form larger aggregated particles with a size up to 8 nm. A comparative study of model dilute solutions of asphaltenes in toluene (0.23 wt %) has shown that the major part of asphaltenes in the liquid (∼94%) is in the form of individual molecules with a size of 0.4–1.2 nm, and only an insignificant remaining part (∼6%) occurs in the form of large aggregates.     

Chromatographic method of determining oxygenates in commercial gasolines

The analysis conditions required to make a quantitative determination of ten oxygenates in different commercial gasolines are determined using a Kristall 5000.2 chromatograph manufactured by the Special Design Office Khromatek JSC.