Diffusivity and dissolution rate in polymeric solutions

The diffusivity of benzoic acid was measured in various concentrations of aqueous solutions of methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and guar gum. An increase in concentration of the polymer increases the viscosity of the polymeric solution to a greater degree than it decreases diffusivity. Dissolution rates of benzoic acid in various concentrations of polymeric solutions were measured. An equation is presented for calculating the relative dissolution rates in polymeric solutions.     

An adaptive approach to suppress powerful impulsive interference

In this paper the problem of impulsive noise suppression by using adaptive prediction technique is considered. The Time Domain Notch Filter structure and a procedure to estimate the filter coefficients are proposed. The considered algorithm is linear and does not require any auxiliary reference input. Performance evaluation indicates that the use of this algorithm does not change the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) whose value remains almost independent of impulsive interference power. On the other hand, the signal-to-impulsive interference ratio (SIR) in the output increases with a decrease in the input SIR. This property of the proposed algorithm is the most essential difference between it and the commonly employed algorithms. The results of computer simulation of a noncoherent detection system applied to the on-off-keying modulation are given. The obtained results confirm that the proposed algorithm enables a transmission in the background of high power impulsive interference.     

Nantucket pine tip moth,Rhyacionia frustrana: Identification of two sex pheromone components

Two compounds identified as components of the sex pheromone system ofRhyacionia frustrana are (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate (I) and (E)-9,11-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (II), which were found in female gland extracts in the ratio of 964, respectively. The identifications were based on chemical and instrumental analyses, electroantennogram studies, and field trapping tests. The optimum ratio for trapping maleR. frustrana is the range of 955 to 97.52.5 (III), when dispensed from rubber septa at a loading of ca. 1000/g/lure. In addition to these two compounds, evidence was obtained for the presence of dodecan-1-ol and (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol in female tip extracts and in female effluvium, and for dodecan-1-yl acetate in female tip extracts.Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae.Supported in part by the Rockefeller Foundation and by National Science Foundation grants GB-38020 and PCM 78-13241.     

Realizations of fuzzy languages by probabilistic,max-product,and maximin automata

In this paper, the classes of fuzzy languages realized by probabilistic, max-product and maximin automata are examined. Simple characterizations of these classes are given which reduce to Nerode's Theorem in the deterministic case. Using these characterizations, various properties of these classes of fuzzy languages are derived, including closure properties under various types of operations.     

The water-jar Einstellung test as a measure of rigidity.

"The primary purpose of the present paper is to examine the validity of the water-jar test as a rigidity measure by critically reviewing studies involving its use as such an index." Correlations between the water-jar test (WJT) and numerous criterion measures are generally statistically nonsignificant. On the basis of several studies it is tentatively concluded that a low negative correlation between the WJT and intelligence exists. The notion that rigidity increases under stress is not supported by the research evidence. The author concludes that evidence for the validity of the WJT is lacking and that the WJT, from a psychometric point of view, is poor. 59 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Estimation of transportation demand

Conclusion The present analysis of transport demand for manufactured iron and steel products, one of the high-valued commodities, results in price elasticities of demand which are midly elastic with regard to motor carriers and slightly inelastic with regard to railroads. These estimates are sufficiently at variance with the elasticity findings for all manufactured goods together to suggest that there probably exists a rather broad spectrum of transport demand elasticities for most manufactured goods.²² Together with the elasticity estimates obtained, motor carriers have been capturing larger shares of the transport service market over time, more so than would be expected from the price elasticities alone. This is to suggest that nonprice determinants may be crucial in transport desision making, even in the short run.Railroads derive disproportionately large revenue contributions from manufactured goods. Were they to engage in a pricing policy which approximated marginal costs it appears that the rapid growth in the motor carrier share of the manufactured goods market might be halted. Such a pricing policy would not only shift intermodal competition as to commodities handled, but more importantly, it would reintroduce intermodal competition by lengths of haul. Perhaps comparative advantage, and thereby optimal allocation, would be enhanced.     

Cryogenic dual-mode resonator for a fly-wheel oscillator for a caesium frequency standard

A dual-mode, sapphire-loaded cavity (SLC) resonator has been designed and optimized with the aid of finite element software. The resonance frequency was designed to be near the frequency of a Cs atomic frequency standard. Experimental tests are shown to agree very well with calculations. The difference frequency of two differently polarized modes is shown to be a highly sensitive temperature sensor in the 50 to 80 K temperature range. We show that an oscillator based on this resonator has the potential to operate with fractional frequency instability below 10/sup -14/ for measurement times of 1 to 100 seconds. This is sufficient to operate an atomic clock at the quantum projection noise limit.     

Preface: Volume 65, Issue 6

This volume contains the Proceedings of the First Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Timed Systems (TPTS'2002). The Workshop was held in Grenoble, France on April 6 and 7, 2002, as satellite event to ETAPS'2002.The study of time-dependent behavior is treated currently under different titles by different communities. Classical problems of manufacturing scheduling, for example, are considered as part of operation research and industrial engineering. Similar but different scheduling problems are encountered in the research on real-time operating systems. People who are interested in semantics, verification or performance analysis are working on models such as timed automata, timed Petri nets or max-plus algebra. Electrical engineers have to consider propagation delays in their circuits and designer of embedded controllers have to take into account the time it takes for the controller to compute its reaction after sampling the environment. The unifying theme underlying all these apparently different domains is that they treat systems whose behavior depends upon combinations of logical and temporal constraints, i.e. constraints on the distance between the occurrences of two events.The workshop goal is to promote the study of fundamental and practical aspects of timed systems. The three major axes of interest are listed below: Foundations and semantics: contributions to a better theoretical foundations for timed systems and timed formal languages as well as a comparison between different models used by different communities (timed automata, timed Petri nets, max-plus algebra, etc.).Algorithms and tools: new algorithms and data-structures for analyzing timed systems and resolving temporal constraints. are needed in order to push timing technology into the real world.Applications: adaptation and specialization of timing technology to the modeling and analysis of certain types of application domains in which timing plays an important role (real-time software, hardware circuits and problems of scheduling in manufacturing or telecommunication).The papers in this volume were reviewed by the program committee consisting of

Rajeev Alur	(U. Penn, Philadelphia)
Eugene Asarin	(Verimag, Grenoble)
Ahmed Bouajjani	(LIAFA, Paris)
Jordi Cortadella	(U. Catalunya, Barcelona)
Sebastian Engell	(U. of Dortmund)
Tom Henzinger	(U. California, Berkeley)
Bengt Jonsson	(U. of Uppsala)
Kim Larsen	(U. of Aalborg)
Insup Lee	(U. Penn, Philadelphia)
Oded Maler	(Verimag, Grenoble)
Chris Myers	(U. Utah, Salt Lake City)
Peter Niebert	(U. Provence, Marseille)
Antoine Petit	(ENS, Cachan)
Paul Petterson	(U. of Uppsala)
Amir Pnueli	(Weizmann Institute, Rehovot)
Alex Rabinovich	(U. of Tel-Aviv)
Jean-Francois Raskin	(Free University, Brussels)
Karem Sakallah	(U. Michigan, Ann Arbor)
Ken Stevens	(Intel, Hillsboro)
Wang Yi	(U. of Uppsala)
Sergio Yovine	(Verimag, Grenoble)

Full-size table

This volume will be published as volume 65, issue 6 in the series Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS). This series is published electronically through the facilities of Elsevier Science B.V. and its auspices. The volumes in the ENTCS series can be accessed at the URLMarch 18, 2002 Eugene Asarin, Oded Maler, Sergio Yovine     

Empirical statistical model to estimate the accuracy of peptide identifications made by MS/MS and database search

We present a statistical model to estimate the accuracy of peptide assignments to tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra made by database search applications such as SEQUEST. Employing the expectation maximization algorithm, the analysis learns to distinguish correct from incorrect database search results, computing probabilities that peptide assignments to spectra are correct based upon database search scores and the number of tryptic termini of peptides. Using SEQUEST search results for spectra generated from a sample of known protein components, we demonstrate that the computed probabilities are accurate and have high power to discriminate between correctly and incorrectly assigned peptides. This analysis makes it possible to filter large volumes of MS/MS database search results with predictable false identification error rates and can serve as a common standard by which the results of different research groups are compared.