Recent developments in catalyst synthesis using DBD plasma for reforming applications

The catalyst has a significant role in gas processing applications such as reforming technologies for H₂ and syngas production. The stable catalyst is requisite for any industrial catalysis application to make it commercially viable. Several methods are employed to synthesize the catalysts. However, there is still a challenge to achieve a controlled morphology and pure catalyst which majorly influences the catalytic activity in reforming applications. The conventional methods are expansive, and the removal of the impurities are major challenges. Nevertheless, it is not straightforward to achieve the desired structure and stability. Therefore, significant interest has been developed on the advanced techniques to take control of the physicochemical properties of the catalyst through non-thermal plasma (NTP) techniques. In this review, the systematic evolution of the catalyst synthesis using NTP technique is elucidated. The emerging DBD plasma to synthesized and effective surface treatment is reviewed. DBD plasma synthesized catalyst performance in reforming application for H₂ and syngas production is summarised. Furthermore, the status of DBD plasma for catalyst synthesis and proposed future avenues to design environmentally suitable and cost-effective synthesis techniques are discussed.     

Optimization of friction stir welding process using NSGA-II and DEMO

In welding processes, the selection of optimal process parameter settings is very important to achieve best weld qualities. In this work, neuro-multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are proposed to optimize the process parameters in friction stir welding process. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed for the simulation of the correlation between process parameters and mechanical properties of the weld using back-propagation algorithm. The weld qualities of the weld joint, such as ultimate tensile strength, yield stress, elongation, bending angle and hardness of the nugget zone, are considered. In order to optimize those quality characteristics, two multi-objective EAs that are non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and differential evolution for multi-objective are coupled with the developed ANN models. In the end, multi-criteria decision-making method which is technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution is applied on the Pareto front to extract the best solutions. Comparisons are conducted between results obtained from the proposed techniques, and confirmation experiments are performed to verify the simulated results.

     

Dominant Mechanisms for Metal Removal from Acidic Aqueous Solutions by Cement Kiln Dust

Copper and zinc ions were removed from synthetic acidic aqueous solutions onto cement kiln dust (CKD) particles in a single component system. The objectives of this study were to: distinguish between adsorption and precipitation when both mechanisms are occurring simultaneously; define their individual contributions; and consequently, specify the dominant mechanism. This was achieved by conducting a new experimental procedure for the precipitation phase that depended on CKD leachate in combination with a derivation of a simultaneous adsorption-precipitation equation. High removal efficiencies, approaching 100?%, of the Cu and Zn ions, were attained. Precipitation was the dominant mechanism for removing low concentrations of these metals, while adsorption appears to be more significant in removal of high metal concentrations.     

A novel Arabic OCR post-processing using rule-based and word context techniques

International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR) - Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of recognizing characters automatically from scanned documents for editing,...     

VO2 nanostructures based chemiresistors for low power energy consumption hydrogen sensing

Mott-type VO₂ oxide nanobelts are demonstrated to be effective hydrogen gas sensors at room temperature. These nanobelts, synthesized by hydrothermal process and exhibiting the VO₂ (A) crystallographic phase, display room temperature H₂ sensitivity as low as 0.17 ppm. The nanobelts (ultralong belt-like) nanostructures could be an ideal system for fully understanding dimensionally confined transport phenomena in functional oxides and for building functional devices based on individual nanobelts.     

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Ontology based E-learning framework: A personalized,adaptive and context aware model

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Enhancing the degree of learner productivity, one of the major challenges in E-Learning systems, may be catered through effective personalization, adaptivity and...     

Assessment of diverse image encryption mechanisms under prevalent invasion

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Image encryption mechanisms provide confidentiality and concealment of information (image) in transmission over the alleyway, susceptible to prevalent invasions....     

Numerical and sensitivity analysis of MHD bioconvective slip flow of nanomaterial with binary chemical reaction and Newtonian heating

The impact of Stefan blowing on the MHD bioconvective slip flow of a nanofluid towards a sheet is explored using numerical and statistical tools. The governing partial differential equations are nondimensionalized and converted to similarity equations using apposite transformations. These transformed equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with the shooting technique. Graphical visualizations are used to scrutinize the effect of the controlling parameters on the flow profiles, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt, and Sherwood number. Moreover, the sensitivities of the reduced Sherwood and Nusselt number to the input variables of interest are explored by adopting the response surface methodology. The outcomes of the limiting cases are emphatically in corroboration with the outcomes from preceding research. It is found that the heat transfer rate has a positive sensitivity towards the haphazard motion of the nanoparticles and a negative sensitivity towards the thermomigration. The thermal field is enhanced by the Stefan blowing aspect. Moreover, the fluid velocity can be controlled by the applied magnetic field.