在化工原理教学中培养学生工程实践能力的研究

化工原理是化工类专业的主干课之～,在化工原理教学如理论教学、实验及实践环节、认识实习、考试各环节培养具有工程实践能力的人才的方法作了论述。     

Coke Formation on Pt?CSn/Al2O3 Catalyst in Propane Dehydrogenation: Coke Characterization and Kinetic Study

The influences of gas compositions on the rates of coke formation over a Pt?CSn/Al₂O₃ catalyst are studied. The coke formed on the catalyst is characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Two kinds of coke are identified from the TPO profiles and assigned to the coke on the metal and the coke on the support, respectively. The coke formed on the metal is softer (containing more hydrogen) than that formed on the support. The rate of coke formation on the metal is weakly dependent on the propylene and hydrogen pressures but increasing with the propane pressure, while the rate of coke formation on the support is increasing with the propane and propylene pressures and decreasing with the hydrogen pressure. Based on the kinetic analysis, a mechanism for the coke formation on the Pt?CSn/Al₂O₃ catalyst is proposed, and the dimerization of adsorbed C₃H₆ is identified to be the kinetic relevant step for coke formation on the metal.     

矿渣混凝土的长期强度和抗冻融耐久性研究

通过试验研究,探讨了不同强度等级的矿渣混凝土和普通混凝土在７ ｄ,２８ ｄ,９０ ｄ,１８０ｄ,３６５ ｄ 龄期的抗压强度,研究了矿渣混凝土的抗冻融耐久性．试验表明,强度等级、养护条件、矿渣掺量等因素对矿渣混凝土的强度、抗冻融耐久性有着显著的影响;矿渣混凝土的抗冻融耐久性明显优于同等级的普通混凝土;矿渣掺量愈大,矿渣混凝土的抗冻融耐久性愈差     

轻骨料混凝土阻尼比研究

作者测定了页岩陶粒混凝土不同强度时的阻尼比和弹性模量，通过研究轻骨料混凝土粗骨料界面，来分析轻骨料混凝土与变通混凝土阻尼比之间存在较大差异的原因。     

标准养护室自动控制系统

本文针对当前标养室普遍存在的温湿度控制不准确 ,室内上下部温湿度不均匀等一系列问题 ,研制并建成一自动控制标养室。研究结果表明 :本自动控制系统能够将养护室内的温度控制在 (2 0± 2 )℃ ,相对湿度控制在 95 %以上 ,完全满足国家标准 (温度 2 0± 3℃ ,相对湿度≥ 90 % )的要求 ,且系统工作状况良好 ,能够较好的满足混凝土标准养护的要求     

Geochemical changes in sulfidic mine tailings stored under a shallow water cover

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an engineered shallow water cover in reducing the oxidation of sulfidic mine tailings and thus preventing the development of acid rock drainage. Fresh tailings were submerged under a 0.3-m water cover in experimental field cells. From 1996 to 1998, we followed the chemistry of the interstitial water near the tailings-overlying water interface using in situ dialysis, and determined pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles across the tailing water interface using micro-electrodes. Penetration of DO into the tailings was limited to <7 mm, even in the presence of DO produced by benthic periphyton. Anoxia in the tailings was further demonstrated by the appearance of dissolved sigmaH2S, Fe and Mn in pore water at depths -1.5 cm below the interface. However, there was clear evidence of surface oxidation of the mine tailings at the mm scale (i.e., DO depletion, coupled with localized increases in [H+] and [SO4(2-)]). Mobilization of Cd and Zn from this surface layer was indicated by the presence of sub-surface peaks in the concentrations of these two metals in the tailings interstitial water and by a change in their solid phase partitioning from refractory to more labile fractions. In contrast, mobilization of Cu from tailings was less evident. Unlike previous reports, which suggested that submerged tailings were effectively inert, our results show alteration of the superficial layer over time.     

Metal uptake by young trees from dredged brackish sediment: limitations and possibilities for phytoextraction and phytostabilisation

Five tree species (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn., Fraxinus excelsior L., Populus alba L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were planted on a mound constructed of dredged sediment. The sediment originated from a brackish river mouth and was slightly polluted with heavy metals. This preliminary study evaluated the use of trees for site reclamation by means of phytoextraction of metals or phytostabilisation. Although the brackish nature of the sediment caused slight salt damage, overall survival of the planted trees was satisfactory. Robinia and white poplar had the highest growth rates. Ash, maple and alder had the highest survival rates (>90%) but showed stunted growth. Ash, alder, maple and Robinia contained normal concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in their foliage. As a consequence these species reduce the risk of metal dispersal and are therefore suitable species for phytostabilisation under the given conditions. White poplar accumulated high concentrations of Cd (8.0 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (465 mg kg(-1)) in its leaves and might therefore cause a risk of Cd and Zn input into the ecosystem because of autumn litter fall. This species is thus unsuitable for phytostabilisation. Despite elevated metal concentrations in the leaves, phytoextraction of heavy metals from the soil by harvesting stem and/or leaf biomass of white poplar would not be a realistic option because it will require an excessive amount of time to be effective.     

Effects of chloride and sulfate on the rate of oxidation of ferrous ion by H2O2

The rates of oxidation of Fe(II) by H(2)O(2) in the presence of sodium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate salts (0-1M) have been compared in the study. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor, in the dark, at pH <3, 25+/-0.5 degrees C and at controlled ionic strength (< or =1M). The experimental results showed that the rates of oxidation of Fe(II) in the presence of chloride, nitrate and perchlorate were identical. In the presence of sulfate, the rate of oxidation of Fe(II) was faster and depended on the pH and the concentration of sulfate. The pseudo second-order rate constants for the reaction of H(2)O(2) with Fe(2+), FeCl(+) and FeSO(4) were determined as 55+/-1, 55+/-1 and 78+/-3 M(-1) s(-1), respectively.     

钢结构系列课程教学内容改革思考

文章从钢结构的发展要求出发,分析了钢结构系列课程的特点和目前教学中存在的问题,根据提高学生综合能力、实践能力和创新能力三方面的培养目标,就钢结构系列课程体系在教学内容方面的改革进行了思考。     

基于MCGS组态软件的上位机控制系统设计

文章以自动插件机为例,介绍了基于MCGS工业组态软件的上位机控制系统的开发与设计,阐述了该系统的构成、功能及MCGS组态软件在该系统中的应用。上位机采用嵌入式WINCE操作系统和MCGS嵌入式组态软件,下位机采用PLC来控制。人机界面的设计主要用MCGS提供的绘图工具箱来完成,各个控制窗口之间的逻辑控制、各个窗口内的功能实现以及各个按钮控件、文本框等图形对象的功能主要用MCGS的脚本语言来完成。上位机与PLC之间的通讯主要通过设备窗口来完成,在设备窗口中建立系统与PLC设备的连接关系,实现对工业过程的实时监控。