A nonmagnetic laboratory for the National Bureau of Standards

The new laboratory to be built on the Gaithersburg, Md., campus of the National Bureau of Standards will provide a nonmagnetic environment that will permit absolute electrical measurements to be made. A brief review of the history of electrical reference standards since the creation of the Bureau demonstrates the importance of and need for such a facility.     

Effects of the trip to work on health, especially on blood pressure

The goal of this study is to demonstrate relationships between journey to work and health status. 546 employees of industrial plants in northeastern Switzerland have been examined. We have demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the length of journey to work and arterial blood pressure. Furthermore some dependences on the kind of transport hard to explain are demonstrated, but most of them aren't statistically significant.     

Hydrolysis ofbis-phosphatidic acid from developing soybean by phospholipase A2

bis-Phosphatidic acid from developing soybean was completely hydrolyzed with phospholipase A₂ (lyophilized venom from Ophiophagus hannah) to yield lyso-bis-phosphatidic acid and free fatty acids. It is suggested that soybean bis-phosphatidic acid is derived from sn-3-glycerophospho-sn-3′-glycerol.     

Endwall heat transfer and film cooling measurements in a turbine cascade with injection upstream of leading edge

Detailed heat transfer measurements were conducted on the endwall surface of a large‐scale low‐speed turbine cascade with single and double row injection on the endwall upstream of leading edge. Local film cooling effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient with coolant injection were determined at blowing ratios 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. In conjunction with the previously measured flow field data, the behaviors of endwall film cooling and heat transfer were studied. The results show that endwall film cooling is influenced to a great extent by the secondary flow and the coverage of coolant on the endwall is mainly determined by the blowing ratio. An uncovered triangle‐shaped area with low effectiveness close to pressure side could be observed at a low blowing ratio injection. The averaged effectiveness increases significantly when injecting at medium and high blowing ratios, and uniform coverage of coolant on the endwall could be achieved. The averaged effectiveness could be doubled in the case of double row injection. It was also observed that coolant injection made the overall averaged heat transfer coefficient increase remarkably with blowing ratio. It was proven that film cooling could reduce endwall heat flux markedly. The results illustrate the need to take such facts into account in the design process as the three‐dimensional flow patterns in the vicinity of the endwall, the interactions between the secondary flow and coolant, and the augmentation of heat transfer rate in the case of endwall injection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(3): 141–152, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20007