冶炼烟气净化：所有步骤在一台设备内完成

介绍Kimre公司的SXF^TM半错流洗涤器的结构、优点和应用。该洗涤器采用卧式并流气液接触方式,可根据需要分隔成不同操作段,在由交织单丝构成的纤维介质上完成气体的冷却、净化和除沫。与传统立式逆流填料塔相比,该洗涤器的优点为：高度低,泵、阀门、控制器等可在地面安装,容易操作和维修;液气比范围宽;可进行多级操作,包括在一台设备内完成多个化学过程。如用于冶炼烟气净化,所有步骤可在一台设备内完成。列举了化肥厂造粒塔气体净化、磷酸厂气体除氟和硫酸厂干燥塔除沫等应用实例。     

Anaerobic oxidation of methane: mechanisms, bioenergetics, and the ecology of associated microorganisms

Microbially mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) moderates the input of methane, an important greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere by consuming methane produced in various marine, terrestrial, and subsurface environments. AOM coupled to sulfate reduction has been most extensively studied because of the abundance of sulfate in marine systems, but electron acceptors otherthan sulfate are more energetically favorable. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries derived from microbial communities where AOM occurs show evidence of diverse, methanotrophic archaea (ANME) closely associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria, but these organisms have not yet been isolated as pure cultures. Several biochemical pathways for AOM have been proposed, including reverse methanogenesis, acetogenesis, and methylogenesis, and both culture-dependent and independent techniques have provided some clues to howthese communities function. Still, questions remain regarding the diversity, physiology, and metabolic restrictions of AOM-related organisms.     

Evaluation of Four Permeable Pavement Sites in Eastern North Carolina for Runoff Reduction and Water Quality Impacts

Four permeable pavement applications in North Carolina’s Coastal Plain were constructed and monitored to determine their effectiveness of reducing runoff quantity and improving water quality. Sites were either constructed of permeable interlocking concrete pavers (2), porous concrete (1), or concrete grid pavers (1). One site of each pavement type was monitored for runoff reduction for periods ranging from 10 to 26 months. Measured runoff depths from rainfall events over 50?mm were used to determine permeable pavement equivalent curve numbers for the sites, which ranged from 45 to 85. Only the two permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) sites were monitored for water quality. Runoff and exfiltrate samples were intended to be collected, in addition to runoff monitoring, from the Swansboro PICP site. However, no runoff was produced during this study from the Swansboro PICP site for rainfall events up to 88?mm. From exfiltrate concentrations, nutrient retention was estimated to be 3.4 and 0.4?kg/ha/year for total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively. For the Goldsboro PICP site, water quality of asphalt runoff and PICP exfiltrate were compared. Analysis of water quality samples from the second site determined that concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia, total phosphorus, and zinc were significantly (p ? 0.05) lower in permeable pavement exfiltrate than asphalt runoff.     

Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer in patients with advanced recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Standard therapies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often cause profound morbidity and have not significantly improved survival over the last 30 years. Preclinical studies showed that adenoviral vector delivery of the wild-type p53 gene reduced tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Our purpose was to ascertain the safety and therapeutic potential of adenoviral (Ad)-p53 in advanced HNSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with incurable recurrent local or regionally metastatic HNSCC received multiple intratumoral injections of Ad-p53, either with or without tumor resection. Patients were monitored for adverse events and antiadenoviral antibodies, tumors were monitored for response and p53 expression, and body fluids were analyzed for Ad-p53. RESULTS: Tumors of 33 patients were injected with doses of up to 1 x 10(11) plaque-forming units (pfu). No dose-limiting toxicity or serious adverse events were noted. p53 expression was detected in tumor biopsies despite antibody responses after Ad-p53 injections. Clinical efficacy could be evaluated in 17 patients with nonresectable tumors: two patients showed objective tumor regressions of greater than 50%, six patients showed stable disease for up to 3.5 months, and nine patients showed progressive disease. One resectable patient was considered a complete pathologic response. Ad-p53 was detected in blood and urine in a dose-dependent fashion, and in sputum. CONCLUSION: Patients were safely injected intratumorally with Ad-p53. Objective antitumor activity was detected in several patients. The infectious Ad-p53 in body fluids was asymptomatic, and suggests that systemic or regional treatment may be tolerable. These results suggest the further investigation of Ad-p53 as a therapeutic agent for patients with HNSCC.     

Toward a new approach to the study of personality in culture.

We review recent developments in the study of culture and personality measurement. Three approaches are described: an etic approach that focuses on establishing measurement equivalence in imported measures of personality, an emic (indigenous) approach that studies personality in specific cultures, and a combined emic–etic approach to personality. We propose the latter approach as a way of combining the methodological rigor of the etic approach and the cultural sensitivity of the emic approach. The combined approach is illustrated by two examples: the first with origins in Chinese culture and the second in South Africa. The article ends with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the combined emic–etic approach for the study of culture and personality and for psychology as a science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of dietary saturated andtrans fatty acids on cholesteryl ester synthesis and hydrolysis in the testes of rats

Studies were made of the enzymic synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in rat testes. Weanling rats were fed for 14 weeks diets containing 5% by wt of hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), a concentrate of ethyl elaidate and linolelaidate (TRANS), devoid of essential fatty acids (EFA), or safflower oil (SAFF). Cholesterol esterifying activity was localized in the soluble fraction, and cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was distributed in both particulate and soluble fractions obtained from tissue homogenates. The optimum pH was 6.0 for esterification and 6.9–7.0 for hydrolysis. Neither esterifying nor hydrolytic activity was affected by freezing and thawing, but both reactions were inhibited by heat or sonication. The animals of both the HCO and TRANS groups had developed an EFA deficiency before they were sacrificed. The EFA deficiency produced upon feeding the HCO diet had no apparent effect on the synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in rat testes. The TRANS diet influenced the development of the testes as judged by their size, and cholesterol esterifying and cholesteryl ester hydrolyzing activities were suppressed in the testes of the animals of this group. A major difference in the effects of the HCO and TRANS diets on the lipids of the testes was the relatively minor amount of eicosatrienoic acid (20∶3) and the elevated level of docosapentaenoic acid (22∶5) in the cholesteryl esters of the testicular lipids of the TRANS group.     

Densified biomass can cost-effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and address energy security in thermal applications

Regional supplies of biomass are currently being evaluated as feedstocks in energy applications to meet renewable portfolio (RPS) and low carbon fuel standards. We investigate the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and associated abatement costs resulting from using densified switchgrass for thermal and electrical energy. In contrast to the large and positive abatement costs for using biomass in electricity generation ($149/Mg CO(2)e) due to the low cost of coal and high feedstock and power plant operation costs, abatement costs for replacing fuel oil with biomass in thermal applications are large and negative (-$52 to -$92/Mg CO(2)e), resulting in cost savings. Replacing fuel oil with biomass in thermal applications results in least cost reductions compared to replacing coal in electricity generation, an alternative that has gained attention due to RPS legislation and the centralized production model most often considered in U.S. policy. Our estimates indicate a more than doubling of liquid fuel displacement when switchgrass is substituted for fuel oil as opposed to gasoline, suggesting that, in certain U.S. locations, such as the northeast, densified biomass would help to significantly decarbonize energy supply with regionally sourced feedstock, while also reducing imported oil. On the basis of supply projections from the recently released Billion Ton Report, there will be enough sustainably harvested biomass available in the northeast by 2022 to offset the entirety of heating oil demand in the same region. This will save NE consumers between $2.3 and $3.9 billion annually. Diverting the same resource to electricity generation would cost the region $7.7 billion per year. While there is great need for finding low carbon substitutes for coal power and liquid transportation fuels in the U.S., we argue that in certain regions it makes cost- (and GHG mitigation-) effective sense to phase out liquid heating fuels with locally produced biomass first.