Microstructural evolution and mechanism of grain growth in magnesia ceramics prepared by high pressure and temperature with ultra-high heating rate

The fast densification method of combustion reaction plus quick pressing was adopted to prepare nanocrystalline ceramics.The densification process of magnesia compact with a particle size of 100 nm was investigated,under the applied pressure of up to 170 MPa,and the temperature range of 1740–2080 K with ultra-high heating rate(above 1700 K/min).High-purity magnesia ceramics with a relative density of 98.8%and an average grain size of 120 nm was obtained at 1740 K,and the grain growth during the densification process was effectively restrained.The characteristic morphology of evaporation-condensation was observed in the compact prepared at 2080 K,which revealed the actual process of mass transfer by gas diffusion.Moreover,the investigation on the microstructure evolution and mechanism of grain growth was carried out,on the basis of as-preserved nanocrystalline ceramics.The result indicated that the grain growth of the nanocrystalline MgO was controlled by the mechanism of evaporation-condensation rather than surface diffusion.Furthermore,the pressure had an influence of restraining the grain growth based on solid diffusion and strengthening the effect of gas diffusion with the increasing temperature.Under the particular conditions,there existed an appropriate temperature for the densification of nanocrystalline magnesia,while the excessive temperature would exaggerate grain growth and impede densification.     

Stochastic formulation of particle kinetics in wall-bounded two-phase flows

This paper presents a generalized framework of stochastic modeling for particle kinetics in wall-bounded flow. We modified a reflected Brownian motion process and straightforwardly obtained a Kramers equation for particle probability density function (PDF). After the wall effects were accounted for as a drift from zero in the mean displacement and suppression in the diffusivity of a particle, an analytical solution was worked out for PDF. Three distinguishable mechanisms were identified to affect the profile of particle probability distribution: external forces, turbophoresis effect, and wall-drift effect. The proposed formulation covers the Huang et al. (2009) model of a wall that produces electrostatic repulsion force and van der Waals force, as well as Monte-Carlo solutions for the Peter and Barenbrug (2002) model under a variety of relaxation times. Moreover, it successfully reproduces the two patterns of particle concentration profiles observed in experiments of sediment-laden open-channel flows. The strength of the wall-drift effect was found to be connected with the interaction frequency between particle and wall. Further exploration of the relationship among flow turbulence, particle inertia, and particle concentration is worthwhile.     

铝质易拉罐轻量化实现途径及其关键技术

轻量化是降低铝质易拉罐生产成本、促进技术进步的重要手段。分析了实现铝质易拉罐轻量化的主要技术途径,包括减薄铝板材厚度和减小罐口直径2个方面。在此基础上,探讨了改善铝板材冶金质量与变形性能、优化罐型并改进工装模具等实现轻量化的关键技术。     

活性炭纤维对凝结水中 Fe3＋的吸附研究

通过静态吸附和动态吸附实验,考察了活性炭纤维（ ACF）对Fe3＋的吸附性能,研究了不同实验条件下的动态吸附穿透曲线;通过扫描电镜,观察了吸附前后ACF的表面形貌。结果表明：ACF对Fe3＋的吸附既有物理吸附又有化学吸附;随着ACF比表面积增大或吸附溶液温度升高,对Fe3＋的吸附容量增大;动态吸附时,当流速为10 mL／min,最有利于出水达标。     

地铁专用间接蒸发冷却器布水方式优化

为了解决常规间接蒸发冷却器由于表面水膜均匀性、完整性差而导致换热效率低的问题,提出了两侧旋转布水间接蒸发冷却器,进行了3种布置方式下的换热性能实验,运用正交实验对影响换热器性能的因素进行研究,研究表明:开孔正对气流方向时换热器换热性能最佳,且旋转布水装置存在最佳转速76 r/min,喷水量、空气流速、冷却水流量、冷却水进口温度的增加使换热器的换热量增大,喷水温度、空气温度的升高使换热器的换热量减少,其中冷却水进口温度的改变对换热性能的影响最为显著,温度由35℃上升到39℃时,换热量提高37.62％,单位面积换热量为1.14 kW,该换热器可安装于地下车站排风坑道内,可有效地解决地铁站冷却塔安装位置难题.     

浅谈子程序在数控铣教学中的应用

子程序是数控编程过程中的一种常用功能,灵活使用子程序技术,可以减少编程时的程序量,增强数控机床的功能。本文针对子程序调用技术在数控铣床教学中的几种常用方法进行探讨与研究,希望对同行起一个抛砖引玉的作用。     

多轮系多支柱飞机刹车压力控制系统谐振问题研究

多轮系多支柱飞机刹车液压管路振动不仅影响刹车系统的工作性能及寿命,还将严重影响飞机的飞行着陆安全。在首次飞行前,必须对其刹车液压管路系统进行振动机理分析。采用压力控制系统流固耦合分析的方法,通过仿真确定振动发生机理,并将实测结果与仿真结果比较,获得多轮系多支柱飞机刹车压力控制系统谐振的关键参数。为减小刹车系统振动耦合,避免谐振现象提供便捷、可靠的解决途径和措施。     

基于高密度电阻率法的露天铁矿采空区探测的研究

露天铁矿开采区地下浅部大量采空区的存在,给矿山的人员及生产安全带来极大的威胁。为保证生产活动的顺利进行,必须对采空区进行精确探测。由于高密度电阻率法较常规电法具有信息丰富、精度高的特点,运用该法对露天铁矿采空区进行探测,结合数据反演断面图,在地下50m的范围内,共划定采空区四处,并精确划定采空区顶底板深度、水平范围和展布方向,为矿山的治理工作提供了可靠依据。并且在分析采集数据的基础上,总结出视电阻率识别模型及其主要特点,为地下采空区的划定提供了理论基础。     

DDA方法在波动问题计算中的初步研究

采用DDA方法验证了一维应力波在不同边界的响应情况;在此基础上,实现了位移和应力两种地震波输入方式,并对两种方法进行了比较。基于DDA的一维计算模型,研究了在计算波动问题时块体单元尺寸和节理刚度的取值问题。研究结果表明：DDA模型网格在波传播方向的尺寸取最短波长的1/15～1/20;随着法向刚度的降低,节理对弹性纵波的衰减作用增大;当节理标准强度大于0.5时,DDA计算的节理面透射系数与理论透射系数的误差在5%以内。此外,基于DDA方法中波动问题的初步研究成果,对某地下厂房在正弦波作用下的动力响应情况进行了简单地分析,分析成果与有限元计算结果基本一致,这为DDA方法用于工程实例的动力响应分析奠定了基础。     

基于机器视觉的软体纤维丝集束智能计数系统

设计了一种基于机器视觉的可以对软体纤维丝集束实现自动计数的检测系统。系统采用自制半球形LED光源照明,对软体纤维丝集束切片,经显微光学系统放大,再由电荷耦合器件(Charge coupled device,CCD)采集放大图像至计算机,通过图像处理系统计算出集束中软体纤维丝数量,并与标准值比较,自动给出是否合格的判别结果。并提出了一种图像处理方法,该方法首先采用基于区域熵值最大的原则将不同光强照射下获取的源图像进行融合,再对融合后的图像利用自组织特征映射(Self organization feature map,SOFM)神经网络求取分割阈值,然后使用求取的分割阈值作为测度指导源图像实现二值化融合,最后采用基于统计量的边界分离和计数方法实现纤维丝集束的计数。实验证明,该系统检测误差不大于1%,重复测量标准差不超过0.07,实现了对软体纤维丝集束的智能计数。