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51.
Transforming smoothers are known as a successful approach to the multigrid treatment of saddlepoint problems resulting from variational problems. In this paper we analyze similar multigrid methods in the context of the practically important class of optimization problems with partial differential equation constraint, which lead to a different kind of saddle point problems. We prove level independent convergence properties for the resulting multigrid methods and demonstrate this also in numerical investigations for a relevant model problem. 相似文献
52.
Roman Krepki Benjamin Blankertz Gabriel Curio Klaus-Robert Müller 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2007,33(1):73-90
The investigation of innovative Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI) provides a challenge for future multimedia research and development.
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) exploit the ability of human communication and control bypassing the classical neuromuscular
communication channels. In general, BCIs offer a possibility of communication for people with severe neuromuscular disorders,
such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. Beyond medical applications, a BCI conjunction with exciting
multimedia applications, e.g., a dexterity game, could define a new level of control possibilities also for healthy customers
decoding information directly from the user’s brain, as reflected in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals which are recorded
non-invasively from user’s scalp. This contribution introduces the Berlin Brain–Computer Interface (BBCI) and presents setups
where the user is provided with intuitive control strategies in plausible gaming applications that use biofeedback. Yet at
its beginning, BBCI thus adds a new dimension in multimedia research by offering the user an additional and independent communication
channel based on brain activity only. First successful experiments already yielded inspiring proofs-of-concept. A diversity
of multimedia application models, say computer games, and their specific intuitive control strategies, as well as various
Virtual Reality (VR) scenarios are now open for BCI research aiming at a further speed up of user adaptation and increase
of learning success and transfer bit rates.
相似文献
Klaus-Robert MüllerEmail: |
53.
Starting from the idea of determinism in membrane systems, we introduce a language generating device consisting of morphisms
placed in the nodes of a tree. Initial strings are given in the leaves; by iteratively applying the morphisms to them, we
produce new strings, which are collected in the root of the tree. Such a device is called a tree-system of morphisms (in short, a T system). We investigate here the power of T systems, both in the extended (a terminal alphabet is considered
and only strings over it are accepted) and non-extended case, mainly in comparison with classes of languages in Lindenmayer
hierarchy.
Received: 8 February 2001 / 18 September 2001 相似文献
54.
Ayub V. Ofulla Samson O. Adoka Douglas N. Anyona Paul O. Abuom Diana Karanja John M. Vulule Tom Okurut Ally‐Said Matano Gabriel O. Dida Tsuma Jembe John Gichuki 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2013,18(2):197-215
Intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis were surveyed in this study to determine their abundance and distribution in the lake and land aquatic habitats of Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. Several sites were sampled at eight locations, both in the lake and on the land. The habitat and/or vegetation type (i.e. open water, hippo grass, hyacinth, ambatch trees, other vegetation, stream, swamp, pond, dam) of the sampled aquatic sites within the locations were also differentiated, water physicochemical parameters were determined, and the abundance of different species or taxa of phytoplankton and zooplankton were enumerated and correlated with the abundance of schistosomiasis snails in the sites. The results indicated significantly more Biomphalaria sudanica snails than Bulinus africanus snails in different physical habitats on land (Student's t‐test, P < 0.05), as well as in different locations on land (Student's t‐test, P = 0.026). Regression analyses revealed that several physicochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen (R2 = ?0.659; n = 8; P = 0.014), pH (R2 = 0.728; n = 8; P = 0.007) and turbulence (R2 = ?0.616; n = 8; P = 0.02), were predictive of Biomphalaria spp. abundance, while pH (R2 = 0.610; n = 8; P = 0.02) and turbulence (R2 = ?0.578; n = 8; P = 0.028) were predictive of Bulinus spp. abundance in different locations in the lake. Cyanobacteria (R2 = 0.638; n = 8; P = 0.02) and chlorophyceae (R2 = ?0.50; n = 8; P = 0.05) were shown to be predictive of both Biomphalaria spp. and Bulinus spp. abundance in different locations in the lake. Zooplankton abundance varied significantly between different locations in the lake (One‐way anova , P < 0.001). Bosmina spp. were found to be predictive of both Biomphalaria spp. (R2 = ?0.627; n = 8; P = 0.01) and Bulinus spp. (R2 = ?0.50; n = 8; P = 0.05) in different locations in the lake. The results from this study will help inform policy regarding control measures for schistosomias and intermediate snail hosts in Lake Victoria waters, as well as in adjacent terrestrial aquatic habitats and even beyond. 相似文献
55.
In this paper, we introduce two algorithms to address the two-echelon capacitated location-routing problem (2E-CLRP). We introduce a branch-and-cut algorithm based on the solution of a new two-index vehicle-flow formulation, which is strengthened with several families of valid inequalities. We also propose an adaptive large-neighbourhood search (ALNS) meta-heuristic with the objective of finding good-quality solutions quickly. The computational results on a large set of instances from the literature show that the ALNS outperforms existing heuristics. Furthermore, the branch-and-cut method provides tight lower bounds and is able to solve small- and medium-size instances to optimality within reasonable computing times. 相似文献
56.
Berger Andrea; Sadeh Michelle; Tzur Gabriel; Shuper Avinoam; Kornreich Liora; Inbar Dov; Cohen Ian J.; Michowiz Shalom; Yaniv Isaac; Constantini Shlomi; Kessler Yoav; Merian Nachshon 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,19(3):362
The authors of this study investigated task switching following cerebellar damage. The study group consisted of 7 children and adolescents (M age = 13.8 years) who underwent surgical removal of a benign posterior fossa tumor. They were tested at a sufficient interval after surgery (M lag = 6.13 years) for restoration of normal cognitive skills and intelligence. Although all showed normal learning of the task compared with control participants, when rapid behavioral changes were required (short preparation time), they exhibited behavioral rigidity manifested by enhanced switching cost. These results are in line with another study on serial reaction time with the same patients (A. Berger et al., in press). They have important implications for our understanding of the cognitive sequelae of early cerebellar damage as well as the involvement of the cerebellum in task switching. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
57.
von Hippel William; von Hippel Courtney; Conway Leanne; Preacher Kristopher J.; Schooler Jonathan W.; Radvansky Gabriel A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,89(1):22
Four experiments tested the hypothesis that people who are concerned with impression management cope with stereotype threat through denial. Consistent with this hypothesis, temporary employees threatened by a stereotype of incompetence (Study 1) and hostel-dwelling older adults (Study 2) were more likely to deny incompetence if they were high in impression management. African Americans (Study 3) showed a similar pattern of denying cognitive incompetence, which emerged primarily when they were interviewed by a White experimenter and had attended a predominantly Black high school. In Study 4, White students who expected to take an IQ test and were threatened by a stereotype of being less intelligent than Asians were more likely to deny that intelligence is important if they were high in impression management. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
58.
Rainer Keller Edgar Gabriel Bettina Krammer Matthias S. Müller Michael M. Resch 《Journal of Grid Computing》2003,1(2):133-149
The message passing interface (MPI) is a standard used by many parallel scientific applications. It offers the advantage of a smoother migration path for porting applications from high performance computing systems to the Grid. In this paper Grid-enabled tools and libraries for developing MPI applications are presented. The first is MARMOT, a tool that checks the adherence of an application to the MPI standard. The second is PACX-MPI, an implementation of the MPI standard optimized for Grid environments. Besides the efficient development of the program, an optimal execution is of paramount importance for most scientific applications. We therefore discuss not only performance on the level of the MPI library, but also several application specific optimizations, e.g., for a sparse, parallel equation solver and an RNA folding code, like latency hiding, prefetching, caching and topology-aware algorithms. 相似文献
59.
In this paper the conjugate fluid flow and energy transport problem (involving conduction-convection-radiation heat transfer) resulting from the Czochralski crystal growth process is analysed. The solidifying material is treated as a pure and semitransparent substance with material properties depending neither on temperature nor on the wavelength. The solution of the problem is obtained iteratively using two computer codes: FLUENT, a commercial CFD package, and BEM-based in-house code capable of analysing the radiative heat transfer in the entire computational domain.Obtained results not only show velocity field and temperature distribution within the bodies under consideration but also demonstrate the influence of thermal radiation on these quantities. 相似文献
60.
A physical model of interfacial waves in annular two-phase flow was studied in both microgravity and normal gravity. The wave
structure was obtained for local film thickness and velocity measurements using a conductance probe technique. It was found
that the wave height, and not its width, is strongly affected by changing the gravity level. In fact, the wave height in normal
gravity is more than twice that in microgravity. Using an analogous approach to a turbulent, single-phase flow in a rough
tube, a preliminary mathematical model was proposed to calculate the wave amplitude. The model fits well with the experimental
data and shows that the wave height in normal gravity is approximately 1.7 times the combined thickness of the viscous sublayer
and transition zones in the turbulent gas stream. The wave height in microgravity was estimated to be approximately 80% of
the total thickness. 相似文献